【作者】 孙蓟锋；

【导师】 王旭；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业资源利用， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过实验室恒定条件培养试验和盆栽试验，研究了4种有代表性的矿物源土壤调理剂对土壤速效养分、酶活性、微生物特性以及生物效果的影响，旨在为土壤调理剂的应用评价和行业管理提供技术支撑。研究表明，供试土壤中施用以牡蛎壳为主要原料的土壤调理剂后，土壤有效磷含量、交换性钙含量、土壤酶活性（脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶）均得到显著提高。主要研究结果如下：1、恒定条件培养试验结果表明，施用麦饭石、硅钙矿和牡蛎壳调理剂可以显著提高培养土壤pH值，并在90天内保持相对稳定水平；而施用蒙脱石调理剂可以显著降低培养土壤pH值。与对照相比，麦饭石、硅钙矿和牡蛎壳调理剂施用量为2%的处理土壤pH值分别提高了0.87、1.47、1.50；施用量为4%的处理土壤pH值分别提高了1.19、1.44、1.44；相反，蒙脱石调理剂施用量为2%、4%的处理土壤pH值分别降低了0.76、1.20。2、恒定条件培养试验结果表明，施用4种土壤调理剂对土壤有效磷、交换性钙和镁、有效态微量元素产生了明显影响。施用麦饭石、硅钙矿和牡蛎壳调理剂可显著提高土壤有效磷含量，牡蛎壳调理剂效果最好，施用量为2%、4%的处理土壤有效磷含量提高了36.1%、42.3%；施用蒙脱石则可显著降低土壤有效磷含量，最大降幅达到了15.6%。施用4种土壤调理剂均可显著提高土壤交换性钙含量，增幅达到了19.1%～112.3%；而土壤交换性镁含量则普遍下降，降幅为1.4%～8.9%。施用酸性调理剂蒙脱石可显著提高土壤有效态微量元素含量，施用量为2%的处理有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌分别提高了7.4%、15.5%、49.6%、41.7%；施用量为4%的处理提高了20.0%、29.5%、66.7%、57.0%。3、施用牡蛎壳调理剂后，土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均得到显著提高，而施用硅钙矿调理剂对提高土壤微生物总量效果明显。与对照相比，牡蛎壳调理剂施用量为2%的处理三种酶活性分别提高了81.9%、4.7%、5.1%；施用量为4%的处理分别提高了119.8%、12.3%、5.1%。施用硅钙矿调理剂后，土壤微生物总量有较明显提高，与对照相比提高了64.1%。4、在盆栽试验中，施用蒙脱石调理剂的效果最好。与对照相比，蒙脱石调理剂施用量为2%的处理小油菜株高、干物质重、叶绿素（SPAD值）、植株全氮、植株全钾等五项指标分别提高了10.4%、23.0%、10.0%、7.1%、10.7%；施用量为4%的处理分别提高了11.7%、23.9%、11.0%、9.4%、11.0%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Four kinds of representative mineral source soil conditioners currently produced commercially inChina were chosen in this paper, for which a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to studythe effects on soil nutrition, enzyme activity, microbial properties and plant, aimed at the evaluation andmanagement of the industry to provide technical support. Research shows the tested soil content ofavailable phosphorus content, exchangeable calcium content, soil enzyme activity（urease, alkalinephosphatase and catalase）were all increased significantly with application of oyster shell conditioner.The main results are as follows:1、The condition of constant incubation experiment showed, the soil pH value was significantlyincreased for use of medical stone, calcium silicate mineral and oyster shell conditioners, remainedrelatively stable level in90days. Compared to the control, the soil pH value was increased by anaverage of0.87,1.47and1.50respectively under2%amount of those conditioners. If the amount was4%, the value was increased by an average of1.19,1.44and1.44respectively. However, the soil pHvalue declined significantly by an average of0.76,1.20under2%,4%amount of montmorilloniteconditioner respectively.2、The condition of constant incubation experiment showed, the soil available phosphorus,exchangeable calcium, magnesium and trace element contents were influenced by the conditioners.Application of medical stone, calcium silicate mineral and oyster shell conditioners can significantlyincrease the content of soil available phosphorus, the oyster shell conditioner showed the best effect.The average relative increasing rate was36.1%,42.3%under2%,4%amount of oyster shellconditioner compared to the control. On the contrary, the soil available phosphorus content significantlydeclined with using montmorillonite conditioner, the greater decline reached15.6%. For theexchangeable calcium, the contents were improved significantly, the value was between19.1%~112.3%,the oyster shell conditioner showed the best effect. On the contrary, exchangeable magnesium contentswere reduced with those conditioners; the average relative increasing rate was between-1.4%~-8.9%.For the trace elements, the contents were improved only by montmorillonite conditioner, the averagerelative increasing rate was7.4%,15.5%,49.6%and41.7%respectively（available copper, availableiron, available manganese, available zinc）under2%amount. If the amount was4%, the value was20.0%,29.5%,66.7%and57.0%respectively.3、The soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activity were significantly increased for use ofoyster shell conditioner. The enzyme activity of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase wasincreased by81.9%,4.7%and5.1%under2%amount of oyster shell conditioner compared to thecontrol respectively. If the amount was4%, the value was119.8%,12.3%and5.1%respectively. Themicroorganism amount was increased by64.1%for use of4%amount of calcium silicate mineralconditioner.4、The montmorillonite conditioner showed the best performance in the pot experiment. The smallrape plant height, dry weight, chlorophyl（lSPAD）, plant total nitrogen content and plant total potassium content was increased significantly by10.4%,23%,10%,7.1%and10.7%under2%amountconditioner respectively, the4%amount treatment was increased by11.7%,23.9%,11%,9.4%and11%respectively.更多还原