【作者】 杨明臻；

【导师】 韩文炎；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 茶学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 茶树是我国重要的经济作物之一，茶园生态系统有着固碳能力及潜力。本文以中国农业科学院茶叶研究所的不同产量水平试验茶园及周边林地、菜地为主要研究对象，通过土壤呼吸年周期变化的原位测定以及实验室培养条件下对影响土壤基础呼吸相关因素的研究，以期了解茶园土壤呼吸作用的基本规律，探讨环境因子与茶园土壤呼吸的相关性，并估算茶园土壤年度碳排放量。通过本试验研究，得出的主要结论如下：（1）.高产、中产、低产茶园以及林地、菜地土壤呼吸全年测定的平均值分别为60.70、48.92、41.56、45.08和53.85mg C· m^-2h^-1。（2）.5种样地年土壤呼吸碳通量从大到小依次为：高产茶园5.33t C·h m^-2a^-1，菜地土壤4.85tC·h m^-2a^-1，中产茶园4.28t C·h m^-2a^-1，林地3.97t C·h m^-2a^-1，最低为低产茶园3.65t C·h m^-2a^-1。（3）.温度与土壤呼吸具有显著相关性。5种样地土壤呼吸的最高值出现在夏季（7月⁹月），最小值出现在冬季（1月），与温度变化趋势相一致。高产茶园和林地的土壤呼吸与土壤含水量间的相关性不显著，中产、低产茶园和菜地的土壤呼吸与土壤含水量间显著相关。（4）.在土壤含水量为60%田间持水量条件下，不同样地土壤基础呼吸速率从大到小依次排列为：高产茶园土壤>中产茶园土壤>菜地土壤>低产茶园土壤>林地土壤。（5）.不同样地土壤基础肥力不同，对添加外源氮素的响应程度有所区别。添加氮对高产茶园土壤基础呼吸影响不大，但会提高中产、低产茶园土壤基础呼吸。（6）.高产茶园和林地土壤存在显著的水、氮交互作用，分别达显著（p <0.05）和极显著（p <0.01）。（7）.高产茶园土壤基础呼吸在低温培养时较低，温度升高后，土壤基础呼吸随之上升。（8）.高产土壤基础呼吸速率随外源有机肥添加量的增加而上升。有机肥添加量为37.5g·kg-1时，土壤基础呼吸为0.54mg C·kg-1h^-1；有机肥添加量为900g·kg-1时，土壤基础呼吸为11.57mgC·kg^-1h^-1。（9）. AL³⁺在一定程度上会抑制土壤基础呼吸，对照处理组(未添加外源AL³⁺)土壤基础呼吸速率为7.11mg C·kg-1h^-1；添加1888mgAL³⁺·kg-1后土壤基础呼吸速率为1.95mg C·kg-1h^-1。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tea is one of the most important cash crops in China. Tea garden ecosystem has the capacity andpotential of carbon sequestration. In this study, we used the method of situ observation and laboratoryincubation to study the soil respiration of five different types of soil. Those five types of soil includedhigh production tea garden soil，middle production tea garden soil，low production tea garden soil, forestsoil and vegetable soil. We studied annual change of soil respiration and its influencing factors to explorethe laws of the soil respiration. We also studied the relationship of environmental factors with the teagarden soil respiration. Finally we wish to estimate the carbon emissions of tea garden soil.Through this research, the main results were summarized as follows:（1）. The annual mean soil respiration rate of different types soils were: high production tea garden60.70mg C· m^-2h^-1, middle production tea garden48.92mg C· m^-2h^-1, low production tea garden41.56mg C· m^-2h^-1, forest45.08mg C· m^-2h^-1, vegetable53.85mg C· m^-2h^-1.（2）. The annual soil carbon flux were: high production tea garden (5.33t C·h m^-2a^-1)> vegetable(4.85t C·h m^-2a^-1)> middle production tea garden (4.28t C·h m^-2a^-1)> forests (3.97t C·h m^-2a^-1)> lowproduction tea garden (3.65t C·h m^-2a^-1).（3）. Soil respiration was significantly affected by temperature. The highest soil respiration of thefive types of soils was in summer （July^September）, the minimum is in winter （January）. Thecorrelation of soil respiration and water content in high production tea garden soil and forest soil werenot significantly, but significantly in middle production tea garden soil, low production tea garden soiland the vegetable soil.（4）. On the condition of60%water holding capacity, the soil basal respiration rate of differenttypes soil were as follow: high production tea garden soil> middle production tea garden soil>vegetable soil> low production tea garden soil> forest soil.（5）. Different fertility soils have different responsiveness to external sources of nitrogen. Externalsources of nitrogen had little effect on soil respiration in high production tea garden soil, but will increasethe low production tea garden soil respiration rate.（6）. High production tea garden soil are significant （p <0.05） with the interaction of water andnitrogen. Forest soil are highly significant （p <0.01） with the interaction of water and nitrogen.（7）. Low temperature will restrain soil basal respiration of high production tea garden soil. Whenthe temperature was increasing, the soil basal respiration rate will also rise.（8）. With adding organic fertilizer to the soil, the soil basal respiration rate will increase. Thegroup which added37.5g·kg-1organic fertilizer the soil basal respiration was0.54mg C·kg-1h^-1, the900g·kg-1group was11.57mg C·kg^-1h^-1. （9）. Al³⁺will restrain soil basal respiration. The soil basal respiration rate of CK group is7.11mgC·kg^-1h^-1, the group of add1888mg Al3+·kg^-1the rate was1.95mg C·kg^-1h^-1.更多还原