【作者】 赵佳莲；

【导师】 毛瑞兆；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 民商法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会的发展,我国的法治化进程在不断进步,公民的权利意识也在不断增强,运用诉讼这个法律武器来保护自己的合法权益不受侵害已经成为一种重要维权方式。然而,诉讼也有它固有的局限性,实践中越来越多的人利用诉讼这一形式来侵害他人的合法权益。如何对这种行为予以防范和制裁,各国采取了不同的做法。英美法系国家对恶意诉讼的研究比较深入,在实体法和程序法中都对其有侧重性的规定；大陆法系国家很少以实体法的形式对恶意诉讼行为进行规制,只是以程序法或判例的方式解决现实生活中发生的恶意诉讼纠纷。具体到我国,无论在实体法还是程序法中,都没有恶意诉讼的明确规定,法官通常只能适用民法的基本原则和侵权法中的一般条款处理案件。这种无法可依的状况不仅给受害人及法院寻找法律依据时造成困难,也让恶意行为人更加肆意妄为。因此,对恶意诉讼进行系统和深入的研究,可以更好的促进我国的理论和立法发展,进而服务于我国的司法实践。本文运用实证分析法、比较分析法对恶意诉讼进行探讨,为我国构建恶意诉讼侵权责任制度提供建议。第一部分是恶意诉讼侵权责任的概述。首先通过列举现实生活中发生的真实案例,说明我国存在大量的恶意诉讼现象,之后对恶意诉讼的内涵、类型进行说明,指出规制恶意诉讼侵权行为的必要性,最后对我国恶意诉讼的现状进行了阐述。第二部分将大陆法系的罗马、法国、德国、日本、我国澳门以及英美法系的英国和美国在恶意诉讼上的相关规定进行比较分析,以此作为研究我国恶意诉讼侵权责任的重要参考。第三部分论述了恶意诉讼侵权责任的归责原则,并从主观要件、客观行为、损害结果和因果关系四个方面论述了恶意诉讼侵权责任的构成,是认定并追究行为人侵权责任的关键。第四部分探讨了恶意诉讼侵权行为人的责任承担问题。从责任承担主体、责任承担方式和损害赔偿范围三个方面入手,重点探讨了惩罚性赔偿问题和律师费是否要纳入损害赔偿范围的问题。第五部分是对中国恶意诉讼侵权责任制度的构建,指出在规制恶意诉讼行为上要注意的几个方面,并提出规制恶意诉讼的条文设计。总之,恶意诉讼行为给公民和国家带来不必要的损害,具有严重的社会危害性,应该对其进行规制,但我国法律在此方面具有严重的滞后性,不能有效保护公民的合法利益。因此建议我国借鉴英美法系国家的先进经验,结合我国的实际情况,明确恶意诉讼的含义、类型、构成方式、责任承担等问题,制定适合我国国情的恶意诉讼侵权制度,遏制恶意诉讼行为的发生,维护社会的和谐稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of society, the rule of law in our country continuous process, the awareness of the right of citizens is also growing, make litigation to be a legal weapons to protect their legitimate rights from infringement has become an important means. However, litigation has its inherent limitations, in practice, more and more people use this form against the legitimate interests of others. How to prevent and sanction such behavior, countries adopt different approaches. Common Law system have a depth study on malicious prosecution, they make nature-oriented provisions both in the substantive law and procedural law; Civil Law system seldom provide the behavior of malicious prosecution in substantive law, but only resolve disputes about malicious prosecution in real life by procedural law and jurisprudence. Specific to our country, there is no clearly provision about malicious prosecution whether In terms of substantive law or procedural law, the judge usually deal with similar cases can only be applied the basic principles of Civil law and general clause of Tort law. This situation of no law to abide not only creates problems for victim and judge cite the chapter and verse what the law says, but also allows malicious actors became more unscrupulously. So, system and in-depth research on malicious litigation can promote our theoretical and legislative developments better, and then serve the judicial practice for our country. This article investigates the malicious litigation behavior by using the methods of empirical analysis and comparative analysis, the purpose is to provide recommendations for our country to build legal system of tours liability of malicious litigation.Chapter one gives a general overview of the tours liability of malicious litigation. First, by listing the real-life case what happened in our life, to illustrate there are a lot of malicious litigation phenomenons in our country, then describe the connotation and types of malicious litigation, pointed out that it is absolutely necessary to regulate malicious litigation in law. Finally, described the present situation about our country’s malicious litigation.Chapter two is about the comparative analysis of the relevant provisions on malicious litigation between the civil law of Rome, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, China Macao and the common law of the Britain, United States, as an important reference for studying the malicious litigation tort liability in China.Chapter three discusses the principle of culpability for malicious litigation tort liability. The author reasons by discussing from subjective requirement, objective behavior, harmful consequences,and causality, in order to discusses the composition of the malicious litigation tort liability. It is the key to maintain and look into the tort liability of malicious actors.Chapter four mainly focuses on the matters about malicious actors’ bearing liability. This part aims to discuss the legal subject, methods of bearing liability, the scope of damage of malicious litigation, pays close attention to research whether take punitive damages and attorneys’ fees into the scope of compensation for damages or not.Chapter five wants to build a system framework for tort liability of malicious litigation, to point out that we must pay special attention to some parts about malicious litigation, and design some provisions for regulating malicious litigation behaviors.To sum up, malicious litigation behaviors make countries and citizens a lot of damages, with serious social harm. We should regulate these behaviors, but our laws in this regard has a serious lag, can not effectively protect the legitimate interests of citizens. Therefore, the author recommends that our country should learn the advanced experience from common law countries, and combining Chinese idiographic practical circumstances, clear the meaning, type, formation, responsibility and other issues of malicious litigation, make a malicious litigation tort system suited to China’s actual conditions which can curb the occurrence of malicious litigation behavior and ultimately maintains social harmony and stability.更多还原