【作者】 古帅；

【导师】 王尚义；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 自然地理学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 环境问题是当前社会经济发展中的热点问题,而环境问题中的水资源问题更是社会关注的重点。对于山西的社会经济发展而言,矿产资源可持续开发利用和水资源的合理分配利用是当前和今后山西经济社会可持续发展的方向和要求,更影响到山西产业结构调整和经济社会转型跨越发展能否顺利进行。鉴于此,本文利用文献记载并结合实地的考察尝试对明清时期汾河中游地区的河湖环境变迁进行梳理,并各选取自然和人文的一个方面,即从洪涝灾害的时空分布和水利建设的兴废这两方面对明清时期汾河中游地区的河湖环境变迁进行了进一步的探究,为当前山西的水资源利用和水利建设提供决策参考。通过对相关史料的整理和分析,明清时期汾河中游的河湖环境表现出进一步的恶化的趋势,其主要表现在三个方面：(1)河流水量减小,湖泊面积锐减；(2)河湖含沙量增大；(3)河流水情恶化,河道迁徙更加频繁。明清时期,在汾河中游地区河湖环境的剧烈演变的过程中,除自然因素外,人为因素对环境的破坏作用也愈加明显,尤其是大规模的土地开垦和水利建设所导致的植被大面积遭受破坏和严重水土流失对区内河湖环境的变迁起着更为重要的作用。通过对洪涝灾害时空分布的分析,表明该区域内在明请时期的540多年内,平均每2.5年就发生一次洪灾,清代该区域的洪灾发生更为频繁,并且大的洪涝灾害的发生在时间上相对集中,尤其是在十九世纪,几乎每隔十年之内就有至少4次洪灾发生。从洪灾的空间分布上看,太原盆地的中心部位及成了洪灾的多发地带,这与汾河干流的频繁决溢以及汾河与其支流间的乱流改道有重大关系,而汾河中游地区的边缘县区,如徐沟、寿阳,洪涝灾害的发生次数较少且多与山区暴雨或山区暴雨引发的汾河支流暴涨有关。明清时期,汾河中游地区的水利建设进入了封建时代的高峰。文章通过对该区域内水渠和堤坝两个重要因子进行研究,研究表明在明清时期,尤其是清乾隆以后,汾河中游地区进行了大规模的水渠和堤坝的建设。在一定程度上,水渠的兴修对区内农业的灌溉和发展起到重要的作用,而堤坝的建设对于区内农田和城镇的防护也发挥了巨大的作用,但与此同时,大规模的土地开垦所加剧的河患对河渠和堤坝的建设也构成巨大的威胁,并给河渠和堤坝带来严重的破坏。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental issues is the hotspot of study in the development of social and economy in modern times, and the problems of water environment is especially the social focus of concern. For Shanxi province is concerned, sustainable development of mineral resources and reasonable distribution and utilization of water resources is the direction and requirements of the sustainable development currently and in the future, and it aslo gives more influence to the adjustment the industrial structure in Shanxi province. In view of this, by using historical document combined with investigation, this paper trys to recuperate the changes of river-lake environment in the middle reaches of Fenhe river during Ming and Qing periods, and aslo gives a study on the temporal-spatial distribution of the flood disasters and the construction of water conservancy projects in this area. This paper will be favorable for decision-making on the utilization of water resource and construction of the water conservancy projects.Through collecting and analysis on the relevant historical documents, we found that the river-lake environment in the middle reaches of Fenhe river worsened quickly during Ming and Qing periods, which is reflected in three aspects:(1) runoff decreased and lakes disappeared quickly;(2) the sediment concentration increasing quickly;(3) frequent river diversion. In addition to be influenced by the natural factors, human factors also played an important role in the process of the evolution of the river-lake environment in the middle reaches of Fenhe river during Ming and Qing periods, especially the critical ruin to the vegetation and seriously soil erosion caused by the extensive cultivation and construction of the water conservancy projects which gave an important impact on the evolution of the river-lake environment in the middle reaches of Fenhe river.Through the analysis on the temporal change and spatial distribution of the flood disasters, it shows that there had a flood every2.5years in the middle reaches of Fenhe river during Ming and Qing periods, and it becomes more frequently in Qing period. Further more, the big flood disasters often occurred in the relative concentration on the time, especially in the nineteenth century, there was at least four flood disasters happened every ten years. Through the spatial distribution of the flood disasters, we can see that Taiyuan basin became to be the central place in where flood disasters often took place,and this is relevant with the frequent overflow of Fenhe river and its tributaries, but at the edge of this area, such as Xugou and ShouYang county, there was few flood disasters happened, and it also relevant with the heavy rain happened in the mountains.It goes to a peak for the construction of water conservancy projects in the middle reaches of Fenhe river during Ming and Qing periods. Choosing tunnels and dams as two important factors, it shows that there was a large scale construction of tunnels and dams in this area during Ming and Qing periods, especially after Qianlong period. To some extent, building of the tunnels and dams plays an important role to the field irrigation and city-agriculture protection, but the frequent flood disasters which caused by extensive cultivation aslo bring serious damage to them.更多还原