【作者】 张志立；

【导师】 韩顺杰；

【作者基本信息】 长春工业大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在磨床上,砂轮不平衡不仅会引起磨床的振动和噪声,严重影响磨削质量和精度的提高,还会加速主轴及轴承的磨损,严重影响磨床使用寿命。在精密数控加工生产过程中,日益要求解决动平衡影响加工精度的问题。文章首先分析了砂轮不平衡量产生的机理和原因,获得不平衡信号的一般特征,为小波分析中小波基的选择奠定了基础。接下来采用计算机仿真分析的方法对现场采样数据进行了小波分析,很好的提取重构出了不平衡振动信号。本文在对平衡头内部结构和原理分析的基础上,建立了平衡头的数学模型。在此基础上把时间最优控制算法引进到砂轮动平衡控制系统中。仿真结果表明：该算法有效地减小了调节时间和超调量,改善了控制效率和精度。本文在广泛了解和借鉴国内外先进技术的基础上,设计了一种新型的砂轮动平衡测控系统。本系统以TMS320LF2407处理器作为核心控制芯片,用磁电式速度传感器检测砂轮旋转时的不平衡振动量,以光电传感器测量的砂轮转速作为基准信号,用DB10小波基小波分析方法对振动信号进行提取重构,采用时间最优控制算法控制高速旋转的砂轮平衡头内的双永磁直流电动机,带动双偏心齿圈改变重心位置,实现对不平衡振动量的平衡补偿。本系统采用模块化和结构化方法设计系统的硬件和软件,最终形成完整的砂轮动平衡测控系统,并在外圆磨床上完成台架试验。实验结果显示本系统能很好的提取出不平衡信号,并能显著削减砂轮不平衡引起的振动,平衡时间也达到了预定目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the grinder, grinding wheel imbalance will not only cause the vibration and noise, serious impact on the improvement of quality and precision grinding, but also speed up the spindle and bearing wear, seriously affecting the grinding life. In precision CNC machining process, the increasing demand for dynamic balancing of precision to resolve the issue.The article first analyzes the wheel mechanism and the resulting unbalance causes unbalanced signal to obtain the general characteristics of wavelet bases for the wavelet analysis will lay the foundation. Then the method by computer simulation analysis conducted on-site sampling data wavelet analysis, the extraction well reconstructed the unbalance vibration signals. In this paper, head of the internal structure and principle of balance based on the analysis, the establishment of a balancing head of the mathematical model. On this basis, the introduction of the time optimal control algorithm to the wheel balancing control system. The simulation results show:that the algorithm effectively reduces the settling time and overshoot, improved control efficiency and accuracy. Based on the extensive understanding and learn from the advanced technology based on the design of a new type of wheel balancing control system. The system as a core control chip TMS320LF2407 processor, with the magnetic-electric sensors to detect wheel rotation speed of the imbalance vibration to the wheel speed optical sensor as the reference signal, with DB10 wavelet wavelet analysis to extract the vibration signal reconstruction, using the time optimal control algorithm for high-speed rotation of the wheel balance control within the first two-motor, driven double eccentric gear ring to change the center of gravity to achieve balance between the amount of unbalance vibration compensation.The system is modular and structured approach to design hardware and software, and ultimately form a complete wheel balancing control system, and to complete the bench in the cylindrical grinder. Experimental results show that the system can extract a good signal imbalance, and can significantly reduce the vibration caused by unbalanced wheels, balance time to reach the intended target.更多还原