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P2Y4受体在中枢神经系统的表达

Regional Expression of P2Y4Receptors in the Rat Central Nervous System

【作者】 宋先敏

【导师】 向正华;

【作者基本信息】 第二军医大学 , 神经生物学, 2012, 硕士

【摘要】 在分子、细胞、系统水平的研究证实细胞外ATP通过作用于嘌呤能受体作为重要的信号分子参与众多的生理和病理过程。P2Y受体是G蛋白藕联受体,哺乳动物有8种亚型(P2Y1,2,4,6,11,12,13,14),P2Y4受体在神经系统广泛表达,参与各种生理和病理功能,目前的研究主要集中在P2Y1受体,关于P2Y4受体的研究比较少。本研究拟系统研究P2Y4受体在大鼠中枢神经系统中的表达和分布特点,为深入研究其功能做基础。本研究主要采用免疫组织化学染色和原位杂交等技术研究P2Y4受体蛋白和mRNA在大鼠中枢神经系统的表达和分布特点。抗原吸附试验后再进行免疫染色,则无阳性结果;通过蛋白印迹实验检测大鼠大脑皮层提取物发现,在43kDa(约为P2Y4受体分子量大小)处呈现单一条带,而抗血清吸附对照组中则检测不到该条带,说明我们所使用的P2Y4受体的多克隆抗体具有较高的特异性。我们使用大鼠cDNA片段(337–350)转录合成的地高辛标记的反义探针进行原位杂交实验,得到阳性结果,使用地高辛标记的正义cRNA进行原位杂交,在相应区域则检测不到阳性信号。这些实验说明我们所使用的探针也具有较高的特异性。我们的实验结果显示P2Y4受体广泛分布于中枢神经系统中,且免疫组织化学染色结果和原位杂交结果具有高度一致性。在主嗅球、嗅前核、初级嗅皮层区域、均有P2Y4受体阳性染色,在这些区域的免疫染色主要集中在树突和细胞胞体,证实突触后膜ATP门控通道参与中枢嗅觉系统的快速兴奋性嘌呤传递途径。P2Y4受体强阳性染色集中在大脑皮层初级运动皮层,梨状皮层,嗅皮层、无颗粒岛叶皮层,提示P2Y4受体可能参与神经局部环路的构建。在海马中,在CA3区锥体细胞的轴突和CA1区的锥体细胞形成突触的区域呈现P2Y4受体强的阳性染色,提示该受体可能参与海马的兴奋性神经递质传递或调节Schaeffer侧枝、苔藓纤维和perforant通路。P2Y4受体广泛分布在后脑比其它脑区呈现更强的阳性信号。P2Y4受体强阳性染色分布在脑桥核、三叉神经中脑核、三叉神经运动核、疑核、下橄榄核、舌下神经核、迷走神经背核。在小脑皮层中,蒲肯野细胞上P2Y4受体阳性染色最强,且所有的蒲肯野细胞均为阳性染色。致密染色集中在细胞胞体和树突上,树突中存在P2Y4受体同胞外ATP作为快速兴奋性递质的作用相吻合。脊髓颈部、胸部、腰部、骶部灰质区均呈P2Y4受体阳性染色。我们的研究发现P2Y4受体可以与VP(加压素)、OT(催产素)、Orexin(食欲素)共存,这些数据显示嘌呤和嘧啶可能通过P2Y4受体调节神经肽催产素、加压素和食欲素的释放。P2Y4受体和NR1受体共存,表明P2Y4受体可能和NR1受体藕联调节神经元的生理和病理功能。本课题联合使用免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术首次系统研究了P2Y4受体蛋白和mRNA在小鼠中枢神经系统中的表达和分布特点,发现该受体广泛分布于中枢神经系统的神经元中。提示细胞外ATP可能也通过激活P2Y4受体参与多种神经活动。

【Abstract】 P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors composed of eight known subunits(P2Y1,2,4,6,11,12,13,14), which are involved in different functions in neural tissue. Thepresent study investigates the expression pattern of P2Y4receptors in the rat centralnervous systemThe specificity of the immunostaining has been verified by preabsorption, Westernblot, and combined use of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Neuronsexpressing P2Y4receptors were distributed widely in the rat CNS. Heavy P2Y4receptorimmunostaining was observed in the magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons of thehypothalamus, red nucleus, pontine nuclei, mesence-phalic trigeminal nucleus, motortrigeminal nucleus, ambiguous nucleus, inferior olive, hypoglossal nucleus, and dorsalmotor vagus nucleus. Both neurons and astrocytes express P2Y4receptors. P2Y4receptorimmunostaining signals were mainly confined to cell bodies and dendrites of neurons,suggesting that P2Y4receptors are mainly involved in regulating postsynaptic events. Inthe hypothalamus, all the vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) neurons and all the orexinA neurons were immunoreactive for P2Y4receptors. All the neurons expressing P2Y4receptors were found to express N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor1(NR1). These datasuggest that purines and pyrimidines might be involved in regulation of the release of theneuropeptides VP, OT, and orexin in the rat hypothalamus via P2Y4receptors. Further,the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the neurons may operate throughcoupling between P2Y4receptors and NR1.

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