【作者】 谈小龙；

【导师】 卢红； 郑晓伟；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 机械工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 测量是机械工业生产中的一个必经过程,它作为质量控制的一个重要依据,关系着产品品质的提高和设备制造的发展。在机械产品的测量领域,尺寸的测量是最重要,也是最普遍的内容。而在尺寸测量里,轴类零件的直径测量应用最多,涉及的领域也最广泛,例如车床的丝杠、导轨、汽车的曲轴、转向阀的阀芯等等。目前常见的车床丝杠精度通常在20-50μm左右,汽车转向阀阀芯的精度甚至控制在7-10gm以内,可见,轴类零件的直径测量不仅普遍,而且测量精度也往往要求较其他零件高。传统的测量方式由于其精度低,受人为因素影响较大,往往不能满足高精度轴类零件直径测量的要求。随着非接触测量技术的发展,尤其是激光测量技术的出现,结合CCD应用技术和EDA技术,将尺寸测量引入一个新的时代,激光测径仪越来越多地应用在轴类零件的直径测量领域。本文首先规划了激光测径的方案,按照机械机构和硬件电路两个方向进行了布局。搭建了用于测量的光学机械结构,并对硬件测量的基本电路做了相关设计。本文着重研究了基于FPGA的直径测量方法,通过使用硬件描述语言VerilogHDL完成了从CCD驱动、数据采集、处理、数制转化、显示等几个过程的模块设计。首先使用CCD驱动模块实现CCD视频信号的正常输出,通过片内的信号采集和处理模块控制外围电路的模数转化功能,并将结果送入片内进行处理、计算,获得的结果通过数据缓存、数制转换等一系列过程后送入显示模块,并最终控制液晶屏显示测量结果。设计完成后,通过一系列的实验对激光测径仪的各个设计部分进行调试,并通过对标准试样的测量验证了激光测径仪的精度和可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Measurement is a necessary course in the production of the mechanical industry, it is an important basis of quality control that relate to the improvement of product quality and development of equipment manufacturing. In the field of the measurement of mechanical products, size measurement is the most important and popular content. And in size measurement, the diameter measurement of the axial parts is applied the most, the fields it involves the most widely also. For example the lathe screw, lead rail, crankshaft, trim of the steering valve, etc. The precision of the most common lathe screw in20to50μm or so, even the trim of the steering valve is controlled less than7～10μm. Thus, the diameter measurement of the axial parts is not only common, and also required higher measure precision than other parts.Because of its low precision and influence by human, the traditional way to measure can’t meet the high precision requirements of axial parts diameter measurement. With the development of non-contact measurement technology, especially the appears of the laser measurement technology, combined with CCD application technology and EDA technology, size measurement is coming to a new time, laser diameter gauge is more and more applied in the field of diameter measurement of axial parts.This paper first planed the laser diameter gauge, and layout according to the two direction of mechanism and the hardware circuit. It build the optical measuring mechanical structure, and designed the relevant basic circuit of measuring.This paper focuses on the diameter measurement method based on FPGA, by the use of hardware description language Verilog HDL, it accomplished the module design of process from the CCD drive to data acquisition, processing, transformation and display. Firstly using CCD driver module to realize CCD video signal output normally, through the signal acquisition and processing module to control the function of outer circuit, and send the the result to processing and calculating, the obtained results then sent into display module after a series of process of data cache and conversion, and controlled the measuring results to display on the LCD ultimately.After the completion of the design, it debugged each part of the laser diameter gauge through a series of experiments, and verify the precision and reliability of the laser caliper gauge through standard sample measuring.更多还原