【作者】 张艳娟；

【导师】 徐向舟；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 城市雨水利用工程可有效缓解洪涝灾害和补给地下水源,是减少水污染、涵养水源和促进生态系统良性循环的有效手段。本文以大连市为研究背景,选择典型区域进行雨水集蓄回收利用试验。基于研究区条件和试验结果,规划设计了三套雨水利用对比方案。以研究区2011年实测降雨量资料为依据,进行供需水量平衡分析,并分别计算试验方案和三套规划方案的成本和效益。根据成本效益综合评价法,对比优选综合效益最佳方案,将生态和社会效益中可定量计算的指标作为激励措施补偿计算的主要依据。取得主要成果如下：(1)提出了基于工程收益的城市雨水利用工程效益评估方法。以大连理工大学建工学部雨水利用工程为例,基于该工程的实际收益对规划设计方案的经济效益进行评估,结果证明该方法合理可行。(2)提出了“生态社会效益评价法”用来定量计算雨水激励措施的补偿金额。也就是根据雨水利用工程的效益评价指标体系,将其集蓄水量,将可定量计算的所有评价指标进行量化计算,得出雨水利用工程所有的社会生态效益量值,通过部分支付、等额支付和超额支付等手段将其作为雨水利用工程的政府补贴金额的计算依据。相对于按工程投入比例等方法的计算得出的其它补贴方式,本研究推荐的这种补贴方法能够更好地鼓励用户多集蓄利用雨水。(3)论证了城市雨水利用项目需要政府激励的必要性。城市雨水利用的经济效益较低,其效益多体现在生态、社会效益方面。以本项目中正在实施的方案一为例,10年的投资净收益率平均为7.01%,扣除物价上涨率4%,实际收益率为3%,远低于一般的水利工程项目的收益率,说明城市雨水的推广需要政府的激励和支持。(4)设计了一种雨水处理效果好、雨水不与人体直接接触、可持续供水、可定量观测的雨水集蓄利用装置。该装置处理后的雨水水质可达到生活杂用水标准；当集雨桶内雨水不足时,自来水进水装置可自动补充自来水,随时满足洗车用水需求,提高了设备利用率；自来水与雨水分离,洗手和清洗抹布的用水均来自自来水,雨水不直接接触人体皮肤,实现了用水安全；集雨桶中有设有水量观测计,可随时监测桶中储存水量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urban rain water utilization is the efficient measures to relieve flood disaster, add groundwater and water resource, and improve ecosystem virtuous circle. This paper choses the typical area as test site to harvest rainwater in Dalian, and designed three comparative schemes on the basis of the experimental results. According to the measured rainfall data in2011, the equilibrium analysis of water supply and demand was completed. The cost and benefit of test scheme and three planning schemes were calculated in dependently. The best scheme with the maximum comprehensive benefit was preferred out by the Comprehensive Evaluation of Cost-Benefits Method. The assessment indexes of ecological and social benefits that could be quantified were selected as the mainstay for the compensation calculation of incentive measures. The main conclusion can be summarized as follows:(1) The benefit assessment method of urban rainwater utilization project based on the project proceeds was present. Take the rainwater utilization project in the campus of Dalian University of Technology as an example, the economic benefits of planning schemes for this project were estimated according to this method and the result showed that the method was reasonably practicable.(2) It puts forward the "ecology-society benefit evaluation method", which is used to quantitatively calculate the compensation amount of rainwater incentive measures. According to the benefit assessment index system of rainwater utilization project, this method turns all the ecology-society benefit into qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, and the whole ecology-society benefit is attained as a result, this takes part, equal and excess payment as the criterion to calculate the amount of government subsidy of rainwater utilization project. Comparing with the other ways, such as through investment proportion in the project, ecology-society benefit evaluation method is able to incite more residents to harvest and utilize rainwater.(3) This paper indicates there is some need for government incentive measures in rainwater utilization in urban cities. The benefit of rainwater utilization is kind of little, mostly it reveals in ecological and social aspects. Taking scheme one being carried out in the research as an example, the net yield rate is7.01%in10years, and the actual yield rate is4%deducting the4%of price increasing rate. In contrast with other hydraulic project, its poor rate is far below and which suggest popularization of rainwater utilization need the incentive measures and support from government.(4) This paper designs a rainwater accumulation device, which has the following characteristics:good treatment effect, without direct contacting between human body and rainwater, sustainable supply of water and quantitative observation. Furthermore, the water treated by this device is able to reach the non-potable water quality standard. To meet the demand of car-washing and improve the efficiency of equipment utilization, the feeding water device can be added automatically when there is a rainwater shortage. In the device, tap water and rainwater are separated, washing and cleaning water are from the former, and the rainwater doesn’t directly contact with the body skin, so all is for the water security. Thus the rainwater accumulation device contains a water sight gauge, which may monitor the amount of water at any time.更多还原