【作者】 赵寅策；

【导师】 满长忠；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界石油资源的不断开采,轻质燃油的产量逐渐减少,随之带来了汽柴油价格的不断上涨。对于开发劣质燃油的应用有着广阔的前景,从当今的石油炼制过程来看,重质燃油的产量相对较大,其价格也相对低廉。面对重质燃油在中高速发动机上燃用时所带来的排放恶化问题,本论文主要研究利用纳米级稀土氧化物颗粒作为添加剂,研究其对中高速柴油机燃用重油时改善有害排放的机理与效果。稀土元素氧化物由于其晶体具有独特萤石结构,同时在稀土元素价态变化过程中表现出的与氧离子结合能力的变化使其表现出显著的储氧及释氧能力,对劣质燃油的燃烧过程有着积极的促进所用。并且由于其对发动机有害排放物的催化还原作用,有利于进一步降低废气排放中有害物的浓度。本实验通过化学方法合成纳米Ce02颗粒,并且对其进行多种金属氧化物的固溶以提高催化剂的热稳定性能。将催化剂按不同比例添加到重油中,在柴油机上进行负荷特性试验。利用相关测试设备来测试发动机各工况中的缸内燃烧情况,排气中CO、HC、NO及碳烟的排放浓度。通过对比重油在掺混添加剂前后在发动机上各参数的差别,分析添加剂对柴油机燃用重油的影响,验证添加剂对发动机有害排放物催还还原的效能。通过实验数据的比对证明,纳米Ce0。与几种金属氧化逇固溶物添加剂无论对发动机缸内燃烧过程还是尾气排放中的有害成分都有显著的改善效果。掺混添加剂的重油样品与无添加剂重油相比,其发动机试验过程中的缸内压力明显提高,燃烧始点提前,燃油消耗率下降,证明了其改善燃油缸内燃烧质量的作用。同时发动机排气中碳烟、CO、HC与NO等有害排放物的浓度也相应降低,证明了其作为添加剂在重油应用中的积极作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the continuously consumption of the resources of oil, the shortage of the product oil has caused more concerns than any time before, which should take responsibility for the increasing price of fuel product. It has a broad prospective of developing the crude oil’s utilization. From the process of oil refining, we can find that the huge amount of production of heavy oil turns it to be a kind of cheap fuel. However, we must face the problems of heavier air pollutions when the high and middle speed diesel engines use this kind of fuel. This thesis is mainly discuss the effects of using the rare soil elements oxidize as fuel additives and research the function of the additive for reducing the harm pollutions exhausted by the diesel engine.Now it is commonly known that the oxides of rare soil elements have sort of unique crystal lattice, meanwhile at the process of transition from Ce3+to Ce4+, the rare soil elements demonstrate a remarkable capability of storing and releasing oxygen element, which could help to promote the combustion process of the low quality fuel utilized in a diesel engine. Moreover, because of the fact that the rare soil elements also have significant characters of oxidize and reductive catalyst, the additives can help to reduce the density of the harm pollutant output by the diesel engines. The CeO2which was used in this experiment was composed through several chemical routes, after that, the compound of CeO2was made to the solid resolution of many other metal elements, which help to promote the CeO2solid resolution thermal steady significantly. The different samples of heavy oil with various fraction of catalyst joined into it were measured by the engine’s load characteristic test. And monitor the cylinder combustion process and the density of NO, CO, HC, carbon soot with relevant equipments. Analyze the functions of which the additives reduce the harm exhaust by comparing the difference of the test data on the engine’s running.The additives of nanometer CeO2solid resolutions have proved to be very effective for optimizing the heavy oil’s process of combustion in the cylinder and reducing the harm component of the exhaust gas. The heavy oil sample with additives on the engine test were observed for increasing the cylinder pressure, moving forward the fuel ignition moment, lowering the fuel consumption rate, which indicate that the additives bring some positive impact on combusting quality of heavy oil. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas test result also manifest that the density of carbon soot, NO, CO, HC were all dropped. According to the consequences of this experiment the additives good performance in heavy oil should be convinced.更多还原