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自闭症儿童对非人类面孔的加工及箱庭干预个案研究
The Non-human Face Processing of Autistic Children and Case Study of Sandplay Therapy on It
【作者】 金丽；
【导师】 陈顺森；
【作者基本信息】 漳州师范学院 ， 应用心理学， 2012， 硕士
【摘要】 自闭症是一种因神经功能异常而导致社会交往、交流和行为出现严重问题的综合征。研究发现自闭症个体对于面孔信息加工模式存在异常，不能接受到有效的社交信息，进而导致其社会交往受损。相较于人类真实面孔，动物面孔所携带的社交信息有所减少,由于简笔画对真实信息的弱化，也在一定程度上减弱了社交信息所带来的社交压力。另外，不同进化等级的动物与人类面孔的相似程度依次减弱，因而，自闭症儿童对面孔加工的障碍可能存在面孔的种系效应，并受其真实性影响，而箱庭疗法中各种人物动物模型可能因其象征性缓解社交压力，促进自闭症儿童功能康复。为了探讨面孔的种系差异、真实性对自闭症儿童面孔加工的影响，让自闭症儿童观看真实或简笔画的人物、不同进化等级的动物面孔，运用眼动追踪技术，收集相关眼动数据，并与正常儿童进行对比分析，并对其中一名自闭症儿童进行箱庭干预研究。结果发现：（1）自闭症儿童对不同进化等级的真实面孔加工存在缺陷，呈现出局部加工优势；（2）自闭症儿童对不同进化等级的简笔画面孔的加工效率较低，但未出现局部加工优势；（3）箱庭疗法对于自闭症儿童具有较好的治愈作用。
【Abstract】 Autism is a neurologic abnormalities which lead to social interaction, communicationand behavior has serious problems of syndrome. Study found that the face informationprocessing model of the individuals with autism unable to receive social information, whichled to its scial damage. Compared with the actual human faces, animal faces with socialinfomation decreases somewhat, due to the weakening of the real information by Jan strokepicture,but also to decrease the social pressure by weakening social information.In addition,the incresingly different evolutionary levels of animal with human faces, the degree ofsimilarity are weaken. Consequently, children with autism on face processing abnormalitiesmay exist nature of phylogenetic effect, which is influenced by authenticity. However,Symbolic of the character model in sandplay theraphy can relieve the social stress, which Promotefunctional rehabilitation for children with Autism.To explore the human face and non-human face processing of autism, required ASDindividuals and typically developing individuals(TD) to look at a range of real and Jan strokepictures which with different germline level, eye movement data were measured. And thenchose one ASD child from participants, who undergo sandplay theraphy.By our study, we conclude that:(1)There is defect in different evolutionary truly face processing of autistic individuals,which appear one kind of local superiority.(2)There also is defect in different evolutionary sketchy face processing of autisticindividuals, while no signs of local superiority, but still remain in low efficiency.(3)The effectiveness of sandplay therapy in treating autism is significant.