【作者】 张超；

【导师】 孔祥清；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江八一农垦大学 ， 农药学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，在一定范围内运用化学调控技术对玉米的生长实行调控使作物生长特性发生改变，来解决玉米（超）高产问题和倒伏问题研究的十分活跃。本实验选取玉米品种德美亚1号为试验材料，在玉米展开叶9、11、13、15叶龄用“密高”200g/亩处理，设清水喷施为对照，研究化学调控对玉米生长的影响。结果如下：1.“密高”提高了玉米的抗倒伏能力喷施“密高”，缩短了玉米茎秆的节间长度，增加了茎粗，降低了玉米的株高，处理玉米株高比对照降低了2.91%～24.50%，玉米穗位高比对照降低了1.23%～30.64%。半纤维素含量增加了8.50%～20.34%，纤维素含量增加了16.35%～33.51%，木质素含量增加了69.29%～100.24%，总体提高了玉米抗倒伏性能。2.增加了叶片的总叶面积“密高”处理玉米植株的叶面积比对照增加了10.17%～27.66%，同时增加了叶面积指数；“密高”处理玉米植株的叶面积指数为8.68～10.06；比对照增加了10.17%～27.66%，提高了光能利用率。3.“密高”处理增加了玉米根的数量，处理玉米根的数量比对照增加了9.79%～26.81%，气生根的数量增加了8.75%～17.24%。4.“密高”处理减小了茎叶夹角，茎叶夹角比对照减小了5.59%～24.57%。5.“密高”处理提高了玉米各种生理指标前期“密高”处理提高了叶片中可溶性糖的含量，处理玉米叶片可溶性糖含量比对照提高了23.57%～30.26%；灌浆期，处理玉米茎秆可溶性糖含量比对照降低了21.32%～42.68%；“密高”提高了玉米碳氮关键酶的活性，玉米硝酸还原酶的活性分别比对照提高了34.71%～40.60%，提高了叶片中氮磷钾含量，氮含量增加了12.07%～21.80%，磷含量增加了27.17%～42.68%，钾含量增加了9.77%～45.23%，在灌浆期，“密高”处理玉米叶片中叶绿素含量比对照提高了9.13%～12.86%，促进了光合作用，延长叶片的功能期；茎秆过氧化物酶的含量比对照提高25.00%～57.29%。6.“密高”处理提高了玉米的产量与对照相比，“密高”处理增加了穗长，比对照提高了10.73%～18.54%；“密高”处理减小了穗粗，比对照减小了0.95%～2.38%。“密高”处理后玉米穗行数有所增加，比对照增加0.71%～2.38%，玉米行粒数增加了9.10%～11.85%；玉米的穗粒数与对照相比增加11.26％～16.69％。“密高”处理后玉米收获穗数均大于对照组收获穗数，与对照相比，增长了1.77％～3.85％。“密高”处理后玉米百粒重均大于对照组百粒重，与对照组相比，增加了3.03％～7.54％。各处理后玉米产量均大于对照组玉米产量，与对照组相比，增加了0.81％～25.52％。7.“密高”处理后玉米果穗秃尖长有所减小，与对照相比，减少了7.54％～36.74％。“密高”处理减小了含水量，与对照相比，含水量减小了1.36％～3.40％。“密高”具有抗倒伏、促进养分吸收及提高产量的作用，在农业生产中有较好的经济效益，可以大面积推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the research of producing (super)high yield maize and solving problems of lodging by usingchemical controlling technology to change crops growth characteristics and regulating maize growth is veryactive in a certain range.In this paper,we select DE aiu1as the experimental material Maize were sprayed“MiGao” at the leaf age of9,11,13, and15,ande the concentration of “MiGao” was200g/mu, meanwhile,spraying clear water was setted as control group.The results are as follows:1. Maize of lodging-resistance was increased by spraying“MiGao”The length of stalks internode decreased by spraying "MiGao", the stem diameter increased, and plantheight. reduced by2.91%～24.50%., ear position become more lower,and reduction by1.23%～30.64%. Thecontent of hemicellulose rised by8.50%～20.34%,the content of fiber boomed16.35%～33.51%,and thecontent of lignin surged up69.29%～100.24%.In general,the change of the above characters improved themaize′s lodging-resistance performance.2. The leave area of whole plant was enlargedCompared with the control, the leaf area of maize plant was enlarged by10.17%～27.66%after spraying“MiGao”,while the leaf area of average plant ranged8.68from10.06. and leaf area index was increased by10.17%～27.66%,. it improved the utilization rate of light energy.3. The number of roots increased sharply after treating with “MiGao”. Compared with the control,thenumber of roots rised by9.79%～26.81%, respectively,the number of aerial root went up8.75%～17.24%.4. The angle between the stem and leaf declined after spraying “MiGao”,and reduced by5.59%～24.57%comparing with control group.5. Various physiological indexes were improvedThe content of soluble sugar in leaves decreased at earlier stage by treating with “MiGao”; and it wasimproved by23.57%～30.26%in leaves; at the filling stage, the soluble sugar content in stem reduced by21.32%～42.68%comparing with the control. In the growth period,“MiGao”enhanced the activity of carbonand nitrogen key enzyme in maize, and the activity of nitrate reductase rised by34.71%～40.60%.Thisimproved the nitrogen content in leaves and promoted. The nitrogen content increased by12.07%～21.80%;phosphorus content promoted by21.17%～42.68%and potassium content boosted by9.77%～45.23%,all ofthis could improved the photosynthesis and the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen. At the filling stage, thechlorophyll content in the leaves increased by9.13%~12.86%after spraying “MiGao”, so the function of theleaf, would be prolonged.the content of the peroxidase in stem increased by25.00%~57.29%,compareingwith the control.6. The yield of maize improved by treatment with “MiGao”The spike length increased t by10.73%～18.54%and reduced the ear diameter. by0.95%～2.38%afterspraying “MiGao”. the number of ear line rised by0.71%～2.38%,with the grain number per line by9.10%～11.85%and grains per ear by11.26%～16.69%.spraying with “MiGao”, ear number of ear wasmore than the control and increased by1.17％～3.37％. hundred kernelweight were greater,and comparedwith the control, boosted by3.03%～7.54%.The yield of maize increased singlyficantly by0.81%～25.52%.7. After spraying “MiGao”,the length of corn fruit bald point reduced, by7.54%～36.74%comparing with the control,The treatment with “MiGao” reduced the content of water in kernel, and declinede by1.36%～3.40%.“MiGao” has effects on lodging resistance, promoting the nutrient absorption and increasing yields ofmaize.Migao has prominent economic benefit in agricultural production, and it can be popularized to largearea.更多还原