【作者】 耿昊东；

【导师】 魏玉娃；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 国际法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 “宪政”的内涵不仅是指政机构之间的权力制约，也是指对私人权利的维护，而在国际宪政思潮的背景下，WTO作为最富有活力和创造力的国际组织，更加具有实现宪政的可能性。因此WTO宪政理论成为该体制发展的有效突破口。本文运用比较分析法，通过对与欧洲法院主导的宪法化进程比较，可以得出，宪法化进程下的WTO争端解决机制在整体上只有非常有限的权能范围，WTO组织及其相关协定，也缺少类似明确的法律安排。WTO争端解决实践也未明确证实WTO协定具有直接效力和最高效力，争端解决机构在对案件的裁决过程中所作出的法律解释也未完全得到成员国的支持。通过对一系列裁决案件的观察和总结，表明一旦拥有可解释和强制执行的司法机制，WTO法就可能在一定程度上向实在的宪法制度转变。而上诉机构能否成为宪法法院则是构建这一理论的关键。但从案件裁决中可以看出：专家组和上诉机构并未完全支持上诉机构能够成为“宪法法院”的事实，而是以“司法克制”的态度处理与之相关的宪法话语权问题。因此，WTO宪法化的路径应从构建公正的争端解决机制为出发点，赢得成员国（尤其是发展中国家）的认同，改善WTO的民主机制，获得成员国的权力授予才是最为现实的发展路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The connotation of "constitutionalism" refers not only the of power restrictionbetween government institutions, but also the maintenance of private rights. In the contextof international trend of constitutionalism, the WTO, as the most dynamic and creativeinternational organization is most likely to achieve constitutionalism. Hence, the theory ofWTO constitutionalism becomes the most significant starting point. This paper using thecomparative analysis method, through comparing WTO dispute settlement body with theconstitutional process dominated by the European court, reveals that the WTO disputesettlement body merely has limited powers and, therefore, no clear legal arrangement ofconstitutionalism can be found in the WTO organization, its related agreements, anddocuments. WTO dispute settlement practices do not specify that its agreements havedirect effect and supremacy, and its interpretation of DSB in the process of disputesettlements does not have the support of WTO members either. However, as long as itsdispute settlement system can be interpreted and executed, it is possible that the WTOorganization may realize constitutionalism. Whether the Appellate Body can be theconstitutional court is the key to WTO constitutionalism. The practices of WTO disputesettlement indicate that the panel and AB did not support the idea of making AB theconstitutional court, instead, adopted the attitude of judicial economy in dealing with theconstitutional problems. Therefore, WTO constitutionalism should take the path ofbuilding fair DSM, gaining the respect of WTO members (especially developing countries),strengthening the democracy of the WTO, and delegation of the powers to WTO by themember states. This is the most realistic path.更多还原