【作者】 程莉；

【导师】 周勇；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2012， 硕士

【副题名】Take Jiang Han Plain Silt as Example

【摘要】 土地是人类生存必不可少的资源,它不仅仅指的是土壤,而是有各种自然地理要素组成的综合体。由于人类的利用受到人类活动的影响,因此不仅具有自然属性,还有经济属性。土地资源与其他资源不同,它不会在人类的生产过程或者使用过程中,转变成另外一种物品,或者磨损,折旧,报废。人类在使用的过程中只要注意对土地资源的保护,维持土地资源的自我更新功能,是可以持续使用下去的。土地资源的这种永续性和其他可更新资源一样,具有相对性,人类在利用土地的过程中不能超过土地资源能承受的范围,尽力维护土地的正常功能,才能真正实现土地资源的可持续利用。土地综合承载力的研究一直是区域持续发展研究中的一个重要方面。一个区域的发展必定伴随着资源的消耗以及污染物的排放,从承载力研究的角度看,资源环境对于这种资源的消耗和污染物的排放容纳是有限度的,也就是环境承载力的阈值。环境消耗和污染物排放的量一定不能超过这个阈值,也就是说较高的承载力水平能说明该区域环境具有较丰富的资源,环境容量较大,人口规模的发展程度比较适宜,经济的发展符合可持续发展的要求,科学技术水平较高。因此,对土地综合承载力的评估是决定人类活动与生态系统相互关系的调控是否有效的决定性因素。本研究在国内外承载力研究成果的基础上,以土地资源承载力为对象,采用状态空间法原理,以区域土地可持续发展为目标,建立了江汉平原土地综合承载力评价指标体系,得出的主要结论如下：1、历史原因和地理要素是形成格局的首要原因江汉平原位于我国腹地,长江流域的中游。地理条件优越,十分适宜农业生产,历来是粮食生产重地,很早就开始了土地资源的开发利用。同时江汉平原水网密集,陆地道路系统完善,形成了便利的交通网络。粮食产量充足,交通便利,早就了江汉平原经济发展的完善基础,因此历史以来就是人口、资源、经济的要素集聚地带。经济的集聚效应促进了江汉平原的各个县市成为了较早进行大规模土地利用开发的区域。江汉平原的地理特征和历史悠久的农业生产文化等要素促进了现在土地资源综合承载力的分布格局的形成。2、经济集聚加速了土地承载力指数的增加江汉平原近年来向武汉城市圈集聚的趋势越来越明显,空间集聚作用不断加强。经济集聚的区域土地承载力状况明显高于其他地区,经济活动对于区域土地资源综合承载力具有重要作用,正是经济集聚的循环累积作用,形成了现在由极点区域向外扩散,承载力指数不断减小的格局。3、政策因素强化了分布格局在市场经济条件下,由于耕地与建设用地的比较利益有着悬殊的差别,市场作用不明显,甚至有时根本不发生作用。因此不能单纯采用价格杠杆来调节两者的关系,市场主体趋利性的本质会造成耕地非农化的现象越来越严重,即出现了所谓“市场失灵”现象。所以政府在给予条件优越的地区优先发展的政策的同时也会兼顾其他区域。优先发展的政策会促进资源条件优越的地区经济要素的进一步集聚,当一个区域的土地承载力达到极限后,经济就会外溢,需求其他适宜发展的地区,刺激了经济发展中心周围的地区经济的发展,这也就是土地资源承载指数逐渐由中心向外扩散的主要原因,土地承载力由内向外的格局得到进一步强化。同时,政府的调控措施会引导产业要素流向更多的地区。因此政策因素是已有土地资源承载力格局的强大推动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, sustainable development is shifting from the general conceptual and qualitative research to quantitative research, while the carrying capacity is one of its cores of metrics and evaluation studies of the sustainable development. As a social economic-natural complex giant system, the maximum carrying capacity of land resources for human activities is an unavoidable problem of sustainable development, only if finding out the maximum capacity of land ecosystems for human activities could we further to determine a reasonable development intensity, and then make a complete, practical and sustainable model of development.The study of land’s comprehensive carrying capacity is an important element in the study of regional sustainable development. The development of a region must consume a certain amount of material resources and discharge certain amount of pollutants. In the view of the study of carrying capacity, this substance consumption and pollutant emissions must not exceed the threshold that can accommodate the resources and the environment. The study of land’s comprehensive carrying capacity is an important element in the study of regional sustainable development. The development of a region must consume a certain amount of material resources and discharge certain amount of pollutants. In the view of the study of carrying capacity, this substance consumption and pollutant emissions must not exceed the threshold that can accommodate the resources and the environment. There is no doubt that the higher load capacity shows the region environment has richer resources, larger environmental capacity, more appropriate population size, better economic environment and higher scientific and technological content. The assessment of land carrying capacity is the decisive factor in the decision of whether the regulation of the relationship between human activities and ecosystem is effective or not.This study is on the basis of the domestic and overseas research results of carrying capacity, looking land carrying capacity as target, using the state space method, aiming at sustainable development of regional land, establish the Jianghan Plain integrated system of its comprehensive bearing capacity, the main conclusions are as follows:1、According to the characteristics of land resources, regard regional sustainable development as the goal, with reference to establish the relevant principles of the index system, and taking into the related aspects such as economic, social, resource and environmental, built the index system of Carrying Capacity of Jianghan Plain Land.2、The land resource carrying capacity of Jianghan Plain in2010is in the state of useableness., but the carrying index of each country is in a big difference. the cities with higher carrying index are similarity in bearing index of the various support systems, namely the resources and environment support systems, social support systems and the carrying value of the economic support system in a fully loaded state, or close to full load.3、the various counties and cities have higher bearing index in the F2of the main factors of the resource environment subsystems carrying index, as well as in the social subsystem F3main factor, the environmental factors and the size of the population factor are in overload condition.4、The cities and countiesthe whose bearing capacitys are close to the full load condition can be divided into two categories, one category is area that are fairly developed economically, such as Jingzhou City; the other is area that are fairly developed agriculture, such as Yunmeng County. According to the analysis, the derived factors witch play a major impact on the land carrying capacity are economic growth, industrial structure and pollution emissions.更多还原