探析我国现代司法仪式

【作者】 姜云平；

【导师】 明廷强；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 司法原本就是一种表达一个国家法律背景下理性文化的符号，是实用、正义的符号。司法抽象上靠法律条文来保障实施，然而最直接的实现方式就是法庭审判过程和审理结果的感知，这个感知过程是要靠某个载体来完成，那就是仪式，即司法仪式。从古代来看，司法仪式也能够找到其渊源，在现代来看，人们更是继承优良传统不仅重视各种仪式活动，而且更是对仪式中的规则和程序有着严格的要求，就是作为仪式活动之一的司法仪式也不例外。司法仪式是由符号形式和行为形态构成的。在法庭这个封闭的场域内，各种象征符号和行为包括：整个法庭的布局风格，法槌、法袍以及国徽等象征性的符号标志，还有专业的法律用语等等，所有这些都有其严格的要求。本文从追溯仪式的辞源出发，写到司法仪式的概述，进而借助古代衙门里的司法仪式代表来分析司法仪式，接下来又以现代法院里的司法仪式代表为出发点，而且两者都是以物质形式符号为视角，即抽取了司法仪式组成元素中的静态元素为一个视角点来探讨司法仪式的相关内容。并对两者进行比较和评价。文章共分为三个部分。第一部分是引言。这一部分主要是阐述论文写作的背景，并说明在现代法治社会的中国重视司法仪式的必要性。第二部分是正文，正文围绕三个问题进行论述。第一个问题是司法仪式的考察。其中具体分析了当前关于仪式的几种观点，为下面要写司法仪式的内容奠定了基础。在司法仪式的概述中首先写了司法仪式的内容或者叫司法仪式的构成要素，然后写到司法仪式的历史演进及司法依赖仪式的原因。第二个问题是司法仪式的实例分析——以物质形式的符号为视角。此部分是重点，笔者分别以古代衙门里的物质形式符号和现代法院里的物质形式符号为着重点，引用对称的方式写了衙门建筑和法院建筑，明镜高悬和国徽，惊堂木和法槌，官袍和法袍，分析了它们的渊源以及蕴涵的法律文化意义。同时又进一步把两者综合起来进行了对比评价。第三个问题是现代司法仪式的改革路径。这部分重点写了现代司法仪式的改革措施。笔者针对上面分析的内容，分析了当前司法仪式的一般现状，引申出司法仪式改革的措施，主要从外在表现和内在蕴藉两个方面，其中外在表现主要针对法官服饰和法庭布局构造，内在蕴藉主要是从法院理念来阐述。第三部分是结语。这一部分是对全文内容的一个总结，指出在构建和谐社会主义的今天，注重司法仪式的必要性，紧迫性，以及对我国司法改革举措取得的成果加以肯定。本文的创新之处就是借助古代衙门里的司法仪式代表——物质形式的符号：衙门建筑、明镜高悬、惊堂木等引申到现代法院里面的司法仪式代表——物质形式的符号：法院建筑、国徽，法槌等等。把两者分开来阐述，并进行了比较和评价。本文的不足之处在于对司法仪式的构成要素并没有进行全面细致的展开分析，只是采用了司法仪式的一个代表：物质形式的符号，同时对于现代司法仪式的改革举措分析也不够透彻，理论性也有不足之处。这些都是笔者以后要进一步努力的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Justice itself is a symbol expressing the rational culture under the background of state law,and also a symbol of utility and justice. Justice abstractly depends on the law to guarantee itsimplementation, however, the most direct way to realize justice is the perception of court trialand trial results. The perception process needs a carrier—judicial ceremony to complete.Judicial ceremony can find its origin in ancient times. Now, people pay more attention toinheriting the fine tradition. They not only lay stress on various ceremony activities, but also arestrict with the rules and procedures in the ceremony. The judicial ceremony is composed ofsymbolic form and behavioral formations. In this closed field of the court, the various symbolsand behaviors should include the following: the layout style of the whole court, the symbols andmarks such as gavel, robe and national emblem, and also professional legal terms etc.This article traces the origin of the judicial ceremony from ancient times, and analyses thejudicial ceremony with the aid of material forms of symbols in ancient Yamen. Then the articleanalyses the judicial ceremony from the perspective of material forms of symbols in moderncourt. The differences of the two aspects are compared and evaluated. The article is divided intothree parts.The first part is the introduction. This part mainly introduces the background of this thesis,and the necessity for China to attach great importance to judicial ceremony in the modern legalsociety.The second part is the main part which is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is the historical investigation of judicial ceremony. Starting from severalviews on the ceremony of scholars from home and broad, the article introduces the historicalevolution of judicial ceremony and the reason why justice is dependent on ceremony. The keypoint is the overview of the ceremony and the historical evolution of judicial ceremony, whichlay a foundation for the introduction of the judicial ceremony content. In the part of the historicalevolution of judicial ceremony, the content or constituent elements of judicial ceremony areintroduced first, followed by the introduction of the historical evolution of judicial ceremony.The second chapter is case analysis of judicial ceremony from the perspective of judicialsymbol in the form of material. This is the key part. The author put the judicial symbol in theform of material, both in ancient Yamen and modern court, as the focal point, introducing thebuildings of Yamen and court, bright mirror and national emblem, mallet and gavel, officialgowns and robes in the way of symmetry, analyzing their origins, and legal and cultural meaning,and further evaluating the two parts. The third chapter is the reform path of modern judicial ceremony. This part pays muchattention to the reform measures of modern judicial ceremony. According to the content above,the author analyzes the general situation of the current judicial ceremony and indicates reformmeasures of judicial ceremony. The measures focuse on three aspects: the first one is the judges’clothes reform, the second is the layout structure of the court, the third is the construction ofcourt culture.The third part is a conclusion. This part summarizes the whole text, points out that in thebuilding of a harmonious socialist society, it is necessary and urgent to attach importance tojudicial ceremony, and affirms the achievements of our country’s judicial reform.This article is innovative in that it first introduced the judicial ceremony representative ofancient Yamen, the judicial symbol in the form of material, i.e. the buildings of Yamen, thebright mirror and mallet, leading to those of modern court—the buildings of the court, nationalemblem and gavel. The two aspects are elaborated separately, compared and evaluated. Theinadequacy of this article lies in that the author did not conduct a comprehensive and detailedanalysis of the constitute elements of judicial ceremony, and only took onerepresentative—judicial symbol in the form of material as an example. At the same time, theconstruction analysis of judicial ceremony is not thorough enough. These are all what the authorneeds to make efforts to in the future.更多还原