【作者】 康显强；

【导师】 弓培林；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 上世纪八十年代,大量小煤窑采用房柱式开采方法,回采率仅10%～30%,浪费资源严重,解决当前煤炭资源紧缺的有效方法就是对剩余煤炭资源进行复采。但由于旧采残煤区水文地质条件复杂、积水形成机制尚不清楚,给煤矿的安全生产带来极大的威胁。本文采用水文地质、矿山压力及数值模拟等理论和方法,系统研究了旧采残煤区积水的形成机制及处置技术。通过系统分析矿井充水水源、充水通道、聚水空间,研究了老空水的形成机制。研究表明：老空水充水水源主要有大气降水、地表水、松散层含水层水、煤层顶底板砂岩裂隙水和灰岩水等；老空水充水通道主要有顶板垮落形成的导水裂隙带、底板破坏形成的导水裂隙带、断层、陷落柱、封闭不良钻孔等。大多数矿井由2-3种充水源和充水通道组成。老空水位于采空区底板相对标高较低处；老空水主要分布在冒落带内,少部分分布在裂隙带内。老空水的形成是渗流—应力—围岩三者的耦合作用过程,采空区积水是一个动态过程。在不同的地质及水文地质条件下,老空水的形成机制具有多样性。研究了残煤开采隔离煤柱的留设和封堵技术,在实际生产中要采用隔堵相结合的方法。最后研究了老空水的预测预报和探放水方法。通过对现场资料分析法、钻探法、物探法及分析计算法系统分析,指出了各种方法的局限性及适应用条件。矿井在生产实际中必须采用多种手段综合分析方法更多还原

【Abstract】 In1980s, lots of small coal mines used the mining systems of room and room-pillar, the recovery rate was only10%-30%, which led to serious resources loss. The effective way to solve the problem of high-quality coal shortage is to recycle the remaining coal resources. But because the hydro-geological conditions of left-over areas mining is complex and the mechanism of mine goaf water is unclear, bring great threat for the safety of coal mine production.Research on the form mechanism of left-over areas water and disposal technology were studied in detail by theories and by means of hydrogeology, mine pressure and numerical simulation in this dissertation.By the analysis of the supplied water-source, supplied water-pathway, and accumulated water-inter space, the mechanism of goaf water was studied systematically. The studies show that its water-source supplied consists of meteoric water source, loose aquifer source, sandstone aquifer source and ete. Its water-pathway supplied consists of the inner collapsed zone, the permeable fractured zone, pitfall, faulted zone, unfavorable enclosed drill hole and so on. The combination of2-3types may be fallen across in most of the mine. Goaf water is located at the low-level position of goaf coal layer bottom bed; mostly at the inner collapsed zone and that has phreatic water character, other one at the permeable fractured zone and that has confined water character. The form of goaf water is a process of dynamic diversification under the coupling action among seepage, stress and surrounding rock. The formation of goaf water is a process of dynamic diversification. The research show that there are multi-formation for goaf water mechanism, under dissimilar geological, hydro-geological conditions.Study the waterproof coal pillar setting of left-over areas of mining and sealing technology, in mine production practice integrative the two method should be adopt.Finally, the prediction means of goaf water and technique measure of water divine discharge was studied. Conditions in point and localization in existence for the whole bag of tricks were proposed by the research on the field-tested data analytical method, locate inquisition, drilling method, geophysical prospecting method, and numerical calculating method. Mine production practice show that integrative method should be adopt in order to forecast goaf water well and truly.更多还原