【作者】 刘永强；

【导师】 秦建敏；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题是在中-俄(NSFC-RFBR)国际(地区)合作与交流项目：“基于空气、冰与水的物理特性测量冰厚度与力学强度的理论与试验研究(课题编号：60811120556)”、高等学校博士学科点博导类专项科研基金项目：“基于空气、冰与水的物理特性差异检测方法在冰水情信息全天候自动监测领域的应用机理研究(课题编号：20091402110004)”、黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院技术开发项目“黄河冰情自动监测系统研发与现场试验”的资助下并与中国水电工程顾问集团公司中南勘测设计研究院合作,开展的针对内蒙中俄边界额尔古纳河齐乾区冬季封冻后河道冰下水位定点连续自动监测的工程应用试验。在本文中,考虑到额尔古纳河高寒、交通不便、电能缺乏、工程难度大等特殊工作环境和对冰水情检测技术的需求,课题组利用基于空气、冰与水电阻特性差异的冰水情检测原理,设计了一种全新的适合额尔古纳河河道的冰下水位自动测报系统,整个系统由现场冰下水位数据采集和数据处理中心两部分组成,通过对冰水情信号的采集和传输实现了对河道冰下水位、冰厚值的定点连续自动测报。该系统主要包括：1、由于本系统应用场合地理位置处在内蒙东北部中俄边界额尔古纳河河道,不具备工业电网供电条件,在系统设计时采用太阳能蓄电池联合供电的方式。即,有阳光照射的情况下,太阳能板给系统供电与给蓄电池充电同时进行；在无光照的情况下,由蓄电池给系统供电。2、考虑到电能有限,为了保证系统长时间持续稳定工作,根据供电方式,下位机端选择在超低功耗方面具有较好表现的msp430主控芯片,通过特定程序控制冰层厚度传感器按序依次完成对各触点电压值及温度值的采集。达到超低功耗运行保证系统长时间持续稳定工作。3、通过基于空气、冰和水的物理特性差异所采集的各自区域的不同电阻值,确定不同介质分界面的垂直空间位置,对应编写相应冰水情数据算法,通过程序计算得到的冰层厚度及冰下水位值,将数据及计算结果发送到数据接收中心,同时并保存在现场智能数据处理仪的大容量SD卡中。4、传感器与下位机端采用航空插头连接,方便系统的现场安装,此外,传感器内部加入钢结构骨架,其强度和韧度可以承受开河期,冰凌流动时对传感器的巨大冲击应力,增强了传感器机身的抗恶劣环境的适应能力。5、额尔古纳河地处中俄边境,冬季最低温度在零下五十摄氏度以下。为了应对现场酷寒的工作环境,课题组为智能数据处理仪设计了专用的保温装置,以保证系统可以在极度严寒的气候条件下正常工作,在额尔古纳河的实际运行中验证了保温装置具有很好的抗低温保护性能。本系统在额尔古纳河齐乾监测点进行了长达一年的工程试验应用,结果证明该系统具有自动化程度高、信息传送准确和连续监测等优点。试验数据为相关部门提供了第一手的界河冰下水位的数据情况,填补了我国高纬度地区冰下水位测报技术的空白。更多还原

【Abstract】 This topic is an application of basic research which is conducted in the support of China-Russia (NSFC-RFBR) international (regional) cooperation and exchange programs "Theory Test of Ice Thickness Measurements and Mechanical Strength Based on Physical Properties of Air, Ice and Water (Project Number:60811120556)", Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of2009called "The Research for Application and Mechanism Method Used in Hydrological Information All-weather Environmental Automatic Monitoring Based on the Physical Property Difference of Air, Ice and Water"(Project Number:20091402110004), Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research’s technology development project "Research and Development of the Automatic Monitoring System of the Yellow River Ice Conditions" and China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation Central South Design Institute of Automatic Hydrological Engineering Company’s technology development project "R-T Hydrological Automatic Detection Sensor for Argun river".In this article, The research group differences based on the air ice and water resistance characteristics of the icehydrological detection principle which account the Argun alpine, inconvenient transportation, lack of electricity, the project is difficult, and other special work environment and the demand for ice water situation detection technology, So design an entirely new for the Argun river water levels under the ice automatic forecasting system which consists of two parts water level data acquisition and data processing. The center in the field under the ice by ice water situation signalcollection and transmission of the water level in the river under the ice and the ice thickness values at a continuous automatic forecasting. The system includes:1) Because the applications of this system in the Argun river which laying difficult to spread the area is located in the wilderness of power supply facilities and communication networks. The system power is the joint supply of solar batteries. If in the sunlight, the solar panels to power the system and to charge the battery,if no light the battery to power the system.According to electrical energy, in order to ensure the system for a long time steady work, the msp430main chip has better performance in the ultra-low power which specific process control RT ice thickness sensorin sequence complete the acquisition of the contact voltage for achieve ultra-low power operation to ensure that the system is reliable and achieved the intended design function.Through based on differences in the physical properties of air, ice and water collected in their respective regions to determine the vertical spatial location of the different media interface. The corresponding algorithm to prepare the corresponding logic program to calculate the ice thickness and icelower water level in the value of data and calculation results will be sent to the data receiving centers and save the high-capacity SD card.Sensor and the lower-side aviation plug connection system-friendly on-site installation, in addition, the sensor inside a steel frame which strength and toughness to withstand kaihe of ice flow sensor huge impact stress that enhance the body of the sensorthe harsh environment adaptability.In order to respond to the scene depth of the work environment that the research group design reliable thermal insulation devices for intelligent data processing device. The system can withstand the harsh cold weather test this point in the Argun operation of the equipment has been fully validated.The results show that the system has the advantages of the high degree of automation accurate and continuous monitoring of this system in Argun homogeneous dry year-long engineering test applications. Test data for the relevant departments to provide first-hand border of ice under the water level data that Fill the blank of China’s high latitudes ice under the water level forecast.更多还原