【作者】 何涛；

【导师】 杨双锁；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 地质工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 为了解决中小煤矿资源整合过程中所遇到工程技术方面的难题,推动煤炭工业新技术在矿井建设方面的运用,本文以山西煤炭运销集团陕庄煤矿南回风大巷与东回风大巷断面刷大工程为研究背景,运用弹性薄板弯曲理论、有限差分法、钻孔窥视等理论和方法对全煤巷道围岩结构特征进行了较为系统地研究,建立了反映其基本特征的力学模型,并对其矿压显现的一般规律进行了全面分析,揭示了全煤巷道变形破坏特征的产生机理,分析了刷大开挖施工过程中围岩的力学效应,为全煤巷道断面刷大施工提供合理的拆卸、开挖、支护方案。简而言之,本文在巷道断面刷大施工中的研究可以归纳以下几点：(1)对全煤巷道围岩的结构特征及矿压显现规律进行了深入研究。(2)系统地分析了全煤巷道围岩常见变形破坏特征和机理,及刷大开挖造成顶板岩层变形破坏机理。(3)对在不同倾角的煤层中开挖巷道造成的围岩变形破坏特征进行了系统地研究。在水平层状围岩体中,围岩顶板处岩层易发生拉断、离层、或形成不规则冒落地带。在倾斜层状围岩体中,倾斜岩层在不对称应力作用下变形破坏,巷道一侧上部拐角处最先发生破坏,破坏也最为严重。在急倾斜层状围岩岩体中,随着岩层倾角的增加,围岩结构的不对称性加强,所以围岩的水平应力和垂直应力更表现出高度的非对称分布,进而造成煤层沿层面滑移,造成左上角煤帮大面积破坏。(4)对金属棚子支护及锚杆支护进行了详细的对比分析。相比金属棚子结构支护,锚杆支护更适合大断面全煤巷道支护,将松散的煤体锚固成一个稳定的整体结构,以保持全煤巷道的稳定性。(5)依据弹性薄板弯曲理论,建立力学模型并分析计算可得理论拆卸长度公式12qa2b4(2h2π2a2b2+3h2π2a4+3h2π2b4)σt,再根据巷道棚子支护实际布置间距,一次拆卸木棚支护的合理长度确定在2m,采取边拆、边开挖、边支护的施工方法较为符合工程进度与安全要求。(6)系统地分析了巷道断面形状选择的影响因素及矩形、拱形两种巷道断面布置形式下的围岩力学效应。(7)最优的巷道断面刷大开挖顺序确定为第一步开挖顶板煤层,第二步开挖两帮煤层。(8)系统地分析了锚杆长度、锚杆密度、边角锚杆角度等支护参数的设置对全煤矩形巷道围岩应力分布及变化特征、塑性破坏区分布范围的影响,确定最优锚固支护方案。(9)从全煤巷道锚固支护效果来分析,分步支护优于整体支护。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to solve the problem of engineering technology encountered during medium and small coal mine resources integration, promote the application of new technology of coal industry in constructing, this paper take Shanzhuang Mine of Shanxi Coal Transportation and Sales Group south and east return air roadway cross-section enlargement technique engineering as the research background, systematically research whole coal roadway the surrounding rock structure features using the elastic thin plate bending theory and finite-difference, borehole peep and so on theories and methods, establish mechanical model the that can reflect its basic characteristics, And fully analyze the general rules of its mine pressure appear and the general rules of the mine pressure appeared on the comprehensive analysis, reveals the failure characteristics of coal roadway deformation of generating mechanism, analyzes the surrounding rock mechanics effect in large excavation construction process brush, for whole coal roadway cross-section enlargement construction provide reasonable disassembly, excavation, remove support plan. In short, this paper conclude the following points in research of the construction of roadway enlargement in the following points:(1) The surrounding rock structure features and the rules of mine-pressure appear of whole coal roadway。(2) Systematically analyse the whole coal roadway surrounding rock common deformation and failure characteristics and mechanism, roof strata deformation and failure resulted by enlargement excavation reduce mechanism。(3) In the Angle of different coal seam in the excavation of the surrounding rock of roadway deformation caused by failure characteristics are studied systematically。In a horizontal layer wall rock, roof strata in the surrounding rock vulnerable to tensile, overburden bed separation grouting, or form irregular take fall zone. In the tilt layer wall rock, tilt in asymmetric stress rock under the action of deformation and failure, one side of the upper corner of the first happened damage, destroy the most serious also。In the steep inclined surrounding rock bodies, along with the increase of rock dip Angle, the asymmetry of the rock mass structure strengthening, so the level of surrounding rock stress and vertical stress more shows a high degree of asymmetric, causing the coal seam sliding along the level, in the upper left corner caused by coal side area failure。(4) Detailed comparative analysis metal shed support and bolt support Compared with metal shed supporting structure, bolt support is more suitable for the whole coal roadway support, will bolt loose coal body into a stable overall structure to maintain the stability of the roadway。(5) Based on the elastic thin plate bending theory, establish mechanical model, analysis and calculation theoretical length formula of disassembly, then according to the roadway actual spacing span of metal shed supporting, reasonable length of one removed wood supporting is2m, taking the and support simultaneously, the construction method that taking disassembly, excavation and support at the same time is conform to the requirements of progress and security of the engineering。(6) Systematically analyze the influence factors of roadway cross-section shape select and surrounding rock mechanical effect of rectangular, vaulted two roadway section layout。(7) The best roadway cross-section enlarging excavation sequence determine that the first step is to excavate roof coal seam, the second step is two sides coal seam。(8) Systematically analyze the bolt length, bolt density, the angle of corner bolt and so on supporting parameters are to have an influence on stress distribution, change characteristics and plastic damage area distribution of whole coal rectangular roadway, then determine the optimal support plan。(9) Analysed from the view of whole coal roadway anchorage support effect supporting by steps is better than the overall supporting。更多还原