【作者】 李玉倩；

【导师】 梁美生；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 环境科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年来随着经济的快速发展,丹河流域发生了翻天覆地的变化,同时由于周边化工企业众多,致使丹河流域水污染状况十分严峻,它的治理存在现实意义。晋城市为实现蓝天碧水,规划了人工湿地工程。该工程项目包括两期,一期已全部完成,二期也正在建设中。本论文主要以丹河湿地一期工程为研究对象。整个一期工程全部建立在A区内,共建了A1、A2、A3、A4四个湿地床,A1区种植香蒲,A2区种植芦苇,A3区种植香蒲,A4区种植芦苇。对于从丹河湿地上游过来的化工类污水进行处理处置,并对不同植物人工湿地系统对污水的去除效果进行了比较,监测了污水去除过程中的各种指标,包括pH值、DO、COD、BOD、氨氮、总氮以及总磷,甚至对氟化物和氰化物的去除也进行监测,得出以下结果与结论：(1)人工湿地系统中各不同出口的pH值变化不大,基本维持在7.4-7.6之间；人工湿地系统各个出口的DO值变化较大,这是由于DO不仅与温度有关,还与水生植物的泌氧能力有关；湿地系统由于比较庞大,水体的自我调节能力比较强。(2)人工湿地系统中各出口的COD、 BOD、氨氮、总氮以及总磷等变化基本一致,各出口的指标均随着进口水的浓度变化而变化,说明在整个人工湿地系统中,对化工类污水有较好的的去除效果。(3)人工湿地系统中对于难降解的氟化物和氰化物基本没有去除,出口水平和进口基本一致,人工湿地系统对难降解的化合物基本不能去除,如果这些污染物比较严重,应考虑湿地与其他工艺的组合。(4)人工湿地系统对废水的COD、BOD、氨氮、总氮以及总磷的去除效果比较明显,其中对COD去除率为30.37%-61.43%,BOD的去除率为30.64%-70.29%,氨氮的去除率为7.29%-59.68%,总氮的去除率为9.05%-63.95%,总磷的去除率为-7.55%-24.05%；对废水的去除效果比较好,但是磷的去除出现负值,这是由于植物中的磷向水体中释放磷的原因。(5)对人工湿地植物收割后进行植物根茎叶不同部位的总氮和总磷的测定,其中芦苇对氮的吸收能力比香蒲强,但对磷的吸收能力和香蒲的差不多,二者对氮磷的吸收地上部分比地下部分多,说明收割植物是去除污水氮和磷的一种可行方法。(6)香蒲和芦苇吸收去除污水中的总氮和总磷分别占香蒲湿地系统和芦苇湿地系统的1.68%和39.1%,3.05%和39.0%。植物吸收对磷的去除率贡献较大,而对氮的去除贡献较小,但相对于整体去除率贡献较小,湿地系统对氮磷的去除不是以植物吸收为主。总之本论文对丹河人工湿地一期工程处理化工污水的效果进行了探讨,但由于时间有限和实际工程的局限,仍有很多不足之处,建议以后从工程设计开始更多的进行改进,为湿地处理污水效果提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of economy in recent years, there is a great change along Dan River Basin. Due to the surrounded by chemical industries, the water of Dan River Basin has been polluted very seriously and its treatment has practical significance.In Jincheng city, planning the project of artificial wetland will be constructed in order to achieve the blue sky and clear water. The project includes two period projects, the first period project has been completed and the second one is constructing. The paper focuses on the first period project of Danhe wetland. The first period of the project has been all built in the A region, and the wetland has been divided into A1, A2, A3and A4four wetland beds. Cattail has been planted in Al and A3area and reeds has been planted in A2and A4area.The sewage derived from chemical industries has been treated in Dan River upstream by artificial wetland and the effect of sewage treatment at different area has been compared in constructed wetland in view of pH, DO, COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and even removal rates of fluoride and cyanide. Some conclusions are as follows:(1) The pH values in the different area of artificial wetland system changes smoothly, it basically maintains at between7.4-7.6. The DO values in different exports of artificial wetland system changes sharply, the main reason is that the DO value is not only related to the temperature, but also related with the ability of radial oxygen of aquatic plants. The wetland system water has the relatively strong self-regulating capacity due to large bodies of water.(2) The changes of each water index of different exits in artificial wetland system are almost consistent; these indexs include COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The concentration of index in each export changes with the concentration of water inlet. These results indicated that the wetland system can be able to achieve better removal efficiency for chemical sewage.(3) The fluoride and cyanide which are hard to degrade in wetland system are not basically removed, and the concentration of exports and imports are almost the same. This indicates that the wetland system cannot remove the basic undegraded compounds. It should be consider a combination of wetland and other technology if these pollutants are polluted very seriously.(4) The removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are obvious, and the COD removal efficiency of 30.37-61.43%and the BOD removal efficiency of30.64-70.29%, ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of7.29-59.68%and total nitrogen removal efficiency of9.05-63.95%as well as the phosphorus removal efficiency of-7.55-24.05%. The phosphorus removal rates appeared negative value; the reason is the phosphorus from plants into water.(5) The total nitrogen and total phosphorus has been determined for different parts of plant, such as roots, stems and leaves after the plants harvest in artificial wetland. The nitrogen absorption capacity by reeds is better than cattails, but the phosphorus absorption capacity by reeds is almost approaching to that by cattails. Not only reeds but also cattails the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity of aerial parts is better than underground parts, so harvesting plants is a useful method for removal nitrogen and phosphorus of sewage.(6) Removal rates of total nitrogen in sewage by cattails and reeds absorption which occupies the proportion of the TN removal rate in cattails wetland system and reeds wetland system are1.68%and3.05%, but removal rates of total phosphorus in sewage by cattails and reeds absorption which occupies the proportion of the TP removal rate in cattails wetland system and reeds wetland system are39.1%and39.0%. The plants absorption on phosphorus is better than the absorption on nitrogen, but the contribution of plants absorption is small relative to the overall removal efficiency and the plants absorption is not the dominant position on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland system.In summary, in this paper, the removal efficiency of chemical sewage in the first period of Dan River artificial wetland has been investigated. But there are many inadequacies due to time constraints and the limitations of practical engineering, so it is essential to improve the engineering from the design and provide a foundation basis for the effect of wetland sewage treatment.更多还原