【作者】 马昊伟；

【导师】 董继先；

【作者基本信息】 陕西科技大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 煤在我国经济发展的过程中占据了十分重要的地位，选煤方式在煤炭的生产过程中起到巨大的作用，传统的湿法选煤造成严重的环境污染。目前所发明的干法选煤在大面积推广和使用上具有局限性，需要新型的、高效的选煤方法。激光干法选煤系统是一项无水、高效、环保的干法选煤技术。与目前应用在实践中的干法选煤依靠原煤的密度等来分选煤块的方法相比，激光干法选煤应用更加先进的激光技术来实现煤块的分选，其分选技术更加的高效、快捷，应用前景和发展前景更加的广阔，同时避免了介质的浪费。本文研究了激光干法选煤系统的总体机构的设计以及激光装置的选取，最后对控制中心控制下的气压装置如何分选煤矸石进行介绍。一、激光干法选煤机构部分的核心部分是圆锥形分散板的设计，在保持煤块单层下落的同时，还要保证选煤的效率。为满足这一要求，本文在众多的方案中，选取能够满足设计要求的最优方案。为了使煤块落下来后能够快速脱离锥形分散板形成单层煤块，需要锥形分散板在电机的带动下转动，在锥形分散板的转动的同时，锥形分散板如何固定并能够保证整体机构有效的运转是一大难题。本文对锥形分散板的固定做出了设计，能够保证整体机构的运转，又能够保证激光干法分选机的效率。二、激光装置分选煤矸石是利用激光对物质中不同元素都有各自独有的表现形式来检测煤矸石中的成分的，但是有别于利用激光检测煤成份的测定试验或者是在线检测等。本文中利用激光装置来检测煤块中“矸石”含量方法是在系统中，采用了激光扫描器对煤块进行快速扫描，扫描所形成的具有煤块特性的数据迅速传输到计算机系统中，与计算机系统中所固有的区分煤块与矸石的标准-灰分值进行比较，超过这一标准的煤块，即以“矸石”处理。对比后的数据迅速传输到控制系统，通过计算机控制的大量的高压喷枪对下落过程中的“矸石”进行击打，吹离煤块的下落滑道，进去“矸石”的下落滑道。实现了激光对煤块的分选，避免了环境的污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal plays a very important role in China’s economic developmentprocess, and the PREPARATION way plays a tremendous role in the coalproduction process, because the traditional wet coal preparation causingserious environmental pollution. The present invention of Dry CoalCleaning has limitations on the promotion and usage of a large area,needing a new, efficient coal preparation method.The laser Dry Coal Cleaning System is an anhydrous, efficient,environmentally friendly dry coal preparation technology. Compared withthe dry coal preparation in practice, relying on the density of raw coal,Laser Dry Coal Cleaning uses the more advanced laser technology toachieve the separation of coal. The separation technology is moreefficient, faster, and has more broad application prospects anddevelopment prospects, while avoiding the waste of the medium.This paper studies the design of the overall institution of the laserdry coal processing system and selection of laser devices described, andfinally how the control center under the control of the pressure devicesorting gangue.1．The core of Laser Dry Coal Cleaning institutions is the conicaldispersion plate design, being ensure the coal monolayer whereabouts,but also to ensure the efficiency of the coal preparation. To meet thisrequirement in many programs, selected the optimal solution to meet thedesign requirements. In order to make the coal quickly fall from theconical dispersion plate to form a monolayer coal. Driven by the motor,the conical dispersion plate rotates. How the conical dispersion platefixed to ensure effective functioning of the whole organization is a majorproblem. Conical dispersion plate fixed to make the design to ensure theoperation of the institution as a whole, but also to guarantee the efficiencyof the laser dry sorter.2．The sorting gangue of the laser device is to use the laser on different elements of matter has its own unique form of expression todetect the composition of the gangue, but different from the use of laserdetection of coal composition determination test or online detection. Inthe paper, the use of laser devices to detect coal "waste rock" contentmethod in the system using a laser scanner on a quick scan of coal, thedata of the scanned formation of coal characteristics is quickly transferredto a computer system, and compared with the standards-gray scoreinherent in the computer system, which can be used to distinguish coaland waste rock, more than the standard the coal is processed as "wasterock". After being compared, the data is quickly transferred to the controlsystem, the computer-controlled high pressure spray gun whereabouts inthe waste rock hit, blowing away the whereabouts of the coal of the chute,into the whereabouts of the "gangue" Chute. Laser sorting on coal, andavoiding environmental pollution更多还原