【作者】 赵靖洲；

【导师】 姚国凤；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 固体力学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 少片簧通常用于轻微型车的悬架系统中，是汽车中重要的高负荷安全部件，主要用来传递垂直力，并缓和由不平路面引起的冲击和振动，作为传递力和力矩连接装置，传递性能的好坏直接影响到操纵稳定性、制动安全性、驾驶舒适性和动力加速性等汽车动力学性能。只有配备性能优良的少片簧，才会得到性能优良的汽车。在使用钢板弹簧之前，计算它的刚度和应力是非常重要的。通常可以使用共同曲率法、集中载荷法和有限元法。首先，本文综述了少片钢板弹簧的研究现状；采用结构力学方法，对不同的少片钢板弹簧的设计理念进行介绍，并推导相应力学参数的计算公式；并在哈密顿辛对偶变量体系下，利用精细积分法和正交试验法，分析片数、弧高、截面尺寸对刚度的影响，并选出了优水平、主次因素和最优搭配。其中正交试验中所用的数据由精细积分法算出的；其次利用界带法分析接触对少片簧刚度的影响；基于界带理论，把接触赋予厚度，接触对板簧刚度的影响看成是对于板簧刚度的摄动，是一个小量，由共同曲率法知道，接触和板簧在片端的挠度一样，看成是和板簧的并联，接触产生的刚度是钢板弹簧刚度的摄动小量，板簧系统的柔度估计偏大，计算中引入了一个负的量把估计偏大的部分给减掉后。分析了接触长度对少片簧刚度的影响，接触长度增加时，少片簧的刚度变化不明显。接触厚度不同时，接触对少片簧的影响是随着接触厚度的增大，板簧的刚度降低。不同激励频率下接触对少片簧刚度的影响是，激励频率从10-4Hz增加到2Hz时，接触对少片簧的刚度影响不明显;当从两赫兹增加到十的四次方赫兹时，接触随着激励频率的增加而增加。再次，利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对少片钢板弹簧进行有限元分析，计算了少片钢板弹簧的刚度、应力特性曲线。用PRO/E，对板簧建模，用HYPEMESH对其进行了前处理，用ABAQUS对变截面少片钢板弹簧刚度应力进行分析。最后，利用正交实验法分析,在7因素2水平情况交互作用和无交互作用条件下，分析不同长度、厚度组合等不同截面尺寸情况下的刚度特性。在正交试验中，利用ABAQUS软件对不同情况进行计算。利用ABAQUS软件计算了21种交互作用后发现无交互作用的不是最优搭配。更多还原

【Abstract】 Less leaf spring is usually used for minor car’s suspension system and is an importantautomotive safety components under the high load conditions. It’s main role is to pass thevertical force, to ease the shock and vibration caused by the uneven road, as connecteddevices for the transmission of the force and torque, and the transfer properties is directlyimpact on the vehicle dynamics performance such an the handling stability, the brakingsafety, the driving comfort and the driving force of acceleration. If we want to get a goodperformance car, only with the excellent performance of the small leaf spring. Before theproduction of leaf springs, it is very important to calculate its stiffness and stress. We canusually use a common curvature, concentrated load method and finite element method.First, this paper reviews the status of a small piece of leaf spring; using the method ofstructural mechanics to introduce small piece of leaf spring design concepts and derive theformula of the corresponding mechanical parameters; under the Hamiltonian symplecticdual variables system using the precise integration method and orthogonal test to analyzethe impact of the number of pieces, the arc height and the section size for the stiffness andelect a superior level of primary and secondary factors and the optimal mix. And the data ofthe orthogonal experiment is taken by the precise integration method.Then using the inter-belt method analyzes the exposure for the less leaf springstiffness’s impact; basing on the inter-belt theory, giving the contact thickness, consideringthe contact’s impact of leaf spring stiffness as a leaf spring stiffness perturbation, which is asmall amount and known by the common curvature method, contact and the leaf springdeflection in the film side is the same and consider it parallel to the leaf springs, thestiffness caused by the contact is a small amount perturbation for the spring stiffness, theestimate of the flexibility of the leaf spring system is too large, so while calculationintroducing a negative amount to lose the estimated large part. Analyzing the impact of thecontact length on the leaf spring stiffness finds that while the contact length increases, theleaf spring stiffness did not change significantly. While the contact thickness is different, the thicker the contact thickness the smaller the leaf spring stiffness. Under different excitationfrequency the impact of the contact of the leaf spring stiffness is that while the change ofexcitation frequency is from10-4to2Hz, the contact has no obvious influence for thespring stiffness; but while the excitation frequency is from2to10Hz, contact increaseswith the excitation frequency increasing..Again using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS to do the finite elementanalysis, calculating the stiffness of the leaf spring and drawing the stress curve. The paperuses the PRO/E software to model the leaf spring, the HYPERMESH software to do thepre-treatment and uses the ABAQUA software to analyze the impact of the variablecross-section of the stiffness of the leaf spring.Finally under the seven factors and two levels of interaction and no interactionconditions using the orthogonal experiment analyze stiffness characteristics under differentsectional dimensions of length, thickness combination. In orthogonal experiment using theABAQUS software calculates the different situations. While using the ABAQUS softwareto calculate the21kinds of interaction，it is found that the no interaction is not the optimalmatch.更多还原