【作者】 张天一；

【导师】 赵克利；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 风能以其清洁、可再生、储量大及分布广等优点，受到了越来越多的重视及青睐，在全球探求新能源的今天，风能产业迎来了前所未有的发展机遇。目前，降低风力发电机组的故障率是设计和使用过程中的核心问题，故障的发生不仅影响运转效率及发电量，而且也大大增加了维修、更换零件等所需要的费用，因此，风力发电机组的可靠性是其性能的主要衡量指标之一。在风电机组的各部件中，因风电齿轮箱的故障而造成停机的概率最高。而在复杂多变的外界载荷作用下，风电齿轮箱内部轴承的寿命难以准确预估是导致风电齿轮箱失效的一个重要因素。为了达到使用寿命要求，国产的大型风电机组中的齿轮箱轴承大多依靠进口，增加了生产成本，因此研究风电齿轮箱轴承的受力及疲劳寿命对风电行业的发展有着重大的意义。风电增速齿轮箱的高速轴端轴承由于转速较高，载荷变化较大，使预估其使用寿命的难度增加。本文拟对该处轴承进行动力学模拟及疲劳寿命分析。当前，对轴承疲劳寿命的分析方法主要有试验法和疲劳寿命分析法两种。试验法具有较高的可靠性，但对风电增速箱的实验监控周期较长、费用较高；疲劳寿命分析法采用有限元分析法，利用数值仿真技术等对轴承的疲劳寿命进行分析预测。在采用有限元分析的研究方法中，前人多对轴承进行静力学或对单一的轴承进行动力学模拟，而较少采用多体动力学系统对整个传动系统进行动态分析。本文结合我国风电发展的实际情况，针对2MW级风电齿轮箱的关键技术，从轴承基本额定寿命计算、变载荷模拟以及在多体动力学系统中对轴承寿命的预测等方面进行较为系统的研究。在ADAMS软件中，基于风电增速箱多体系统，对三种不同工况下圆柱滚子轴承内部关键部件滚动体与保持架进行动力学分析，得到动态载荷文件；应用ANSYS软件分析各时刻下滚动体与保持架的动应力与应变情况；基于nSoft软件分析风电高速轴圆柱滚子轴承在变载荷冲击作用下的疲劳寿命。本文通过对风电齿轮箱高速轴轴承的理论分析、动力学仿真研究、寿命的预测及结果的分析，探讨了风电齿轮箱高速轴承的强度及寿命的分析方法，对风电齿轮箱轴承的设计、优化改进等可提供一定的理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wind energy has been more and more popular because of its advantages such asclean, renewable ability, large storage, and wide distribution. At the present time, newkinds of energy are being searched all around the world, which offers a good chanceto wind energy industry. The key problem for the wind turbine is to reduce failure rateduring designing and operating. Operation efficiency and generating capacity arelargely influenced by failure, which increases the cost for maintenance and replacingparts. Reliability has become one of main standards for wind turbines.The failure of the gearbox leads to the highest rates of halt among the parts inwind turbines. It is difficult to forecast fatigue life of bearings accurately in thecondition of the complex loads outside, which is one of the important factors to affectfailure of the gearbox. In order to fulfill the requirement of operating life, bearings inlarge wind turbine domestic gearboxes have to rely on import, which increasesproduction cost. So there will be great significances for the research on stress and thefatigue life of wind turbine gearbox bearings for the wind energy industry. High speedand largely variational loads lead to the indetermination for the cylindrical rollerbearings located on the high speed shaft in the gearbox. In the paper, dynamicssimulation and the analysis of fatigue life will be carried on for the bearings in thelocation.The analysis methods for fatigue life of bearings are divided into experimentalmethod and finite element analysis. The first one is more credible, however, spendingmore time and cost. Finite element analysis is used in numerical simulation to forecastthe fatigue life of bearings. Though statics or accurate dynamics simulation is widelyused in the second method, dynamics research on the whole transmission systemthrough multi-body dynamics software is less used.Combining with the actual situation of wind energy development in our country,researching on the basic life, simulation on the variational loads and forecasting thefatigue life for bearings are carried out in the paper, aiming at the key technology forthe2MW wind turbine gearbox. The main parts in the bearing are analyzed underthree kinds of conditions in ADAMS, from which dynamic load data is obtained.Stress and strain for the roller and cage in different time are showed in ANSYS. The fatigue life of the cylindrical roller bearing of wind turbine gearbox is forecasted innSoft.By using theory analysis, dynamics simulation and the fatigue life analysis, themethods for strength and fatigue life of the cylindrical roller bearing in wind turbinegearbox are discussed, which provide a certain theory reference to the design,optimization and improvement for bearings in the wind turbine gearbox.更多还原