【作者】 胡澄；

【导师】 杨德明；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以RS和GIS技术为基础，通过对巴仁哲里木地区1999年TM遥感影像和2009年ETM+遥感影像的处理与解译判读，提取了巴仁哲里木地区1999和2009年土地利用/覆盖动态变化的类型、位置和面积等信息。以此为基础，进一步采用土地利用/覆盖转移矩阵、土地利用动态度和土地利用程度指数等多种数学模型，分析了巴仁哲里木地区土地利用/覆盖动态变化的特点、规律、过程和驱动力。研究结果表明：（1）巴仁哲里木地区1999-2009年的土地利用/覆盖各类型面积变化明显，都发生了不同程度的增减变化。面积变化最大的是草地，然后是沙地和耕地，变化最小的是其他建筑用地，而河漫滩沙地面积变化也不大。面积变小的只有草地，但其绝对值又是最大的，草地面积减少了188784.3hm2。其它的土地类型面积均有增加，增加的面积自大到小依次为：沙地＞耕地＞林地＞裸地＞其他土地类型＞居民地＞河漫滩沙地＞其他建筑用地。沙地面积增加了86145.5hm2，耕地面积增加了50003.6hm2。可见巴仁哲里木地区在这十年内大量占用草地开发为耕地，并且对草地和耕地的保护做的也不到位，使许多土地荒漠化。（2）1999-2009年间，巴仁哲里木地区的土地利用/覆盖各类型之间的转化明显。其中，转出面积最大的是草地，转出190751.2hm2，其次为沙地，转出3956.9hm2。转出面积按从大到小排序为：草地＞沙地＞耕地＞裸地＞河漫滩沙地＞林地＞居民地＞其他土地类型＞其他建筑用地。转入面积最大的是沙地，转入90102.4hm2，其次为耕地，转入52629.9hm2。转入面积按从大到小排序为：沙地＞耕地＞裸地＞林地＞其他土地类型＞居民地＞河漫滩沙地＞草地＞其他建筑用地。草地转出主要流向沙地和耕地，转入源主要是耕地与河漫滩沙地，而原始草地保留部分所占比例仍为最高；耕地转出主要流向沙地、草地和居民地等，而原始耕地保留部分所占比例为最高，而转入源主要是草地；裸地流出主要流向居民地和沙地，裸地转入源主要为草地；沙地转出主要流向裸地和耕地，而转入源主要为草地；其余类型虽然转化明显，但其占总量较小。5.土地利用/覆盖类型的变化趋势和状态指数表明，1999-2009年巴仁哲里木地区土地利用/覆盖变化整体处于极不平衡状态，除其他建筑用地外，草地的动态变化度最大，说明草地规模在不断减小，耕地、居民地、林地、其他土地类型和沙地的动态变化度值均大于0.9，说明这些土地利用类型面积在快速地扩大。草地向着规模减少的方向发展，处于“落势”状态，而除草地外的其他类型土地都向着规模增大的方向发展，处于“涨势”状态。(4)土地资源利用程度变化分析结果表明，1999年巴仁哲里木地区土地利用综合指数为197.142，而2009年为177.983，土地实际利用程度只达到理论可利用程度的45%左右，说明巴仁哲里木地区的土地利用程度还非常低。而1999-2009年巴仁哲里木地区土地利用程度综合指数变化量为-19.159，综合指数变化率为-9.718%，说明巴仁哲里木地区土地利用还没达到发展期阶段，调整阶段不够明显，有衰退迹象，需要及时控制。(5)巴仁哲里木地区土地利用/覆盖变化驱动力分析结果表明：巴仁哲里木地区土地利用/覆盖变化结果是由自然因素和人文因素共同作用而引起的。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of RS and GIS,the paper extracted the types, positions andareas of the two-phase land use change of TM remote sensing images in1999and ETM+remote sensing images in2009in the region ofBarenzhelimu,based on the processing and interpretation of theimages.Various kinds of mathematical models were used for further analysisof the features,regulation,procedure and driving force of the dynamic changeof land use/cover in the region of Barenzhelimu,and the models included theshifi matrix of land use/cover,land use dynamic degree,land use degree indexand so on.The results showed the following aspects of the study.（1）The area of each type of land use/cover in the region ofBarenzhelimu from1999to2009was changing obviously.The area of eachtype changed in different degrees.The area of grass land changed biggest,andthen was sand land and cultivated land.The area of land for otherconstructions changed least,and the area of flood sand land also did notchange much.The grass land was the only type of which area wasdecreasing,but its absolute value was the biggest.The area of grass land wasdecreasing188784.3hm2.The area of other types of land all hadincreasing,and their area was arranged from big to small as: sand land＞cultivated land＞forest land＞bare land＞other type of land＞settlementplace＞flood sand land＞land for other constructions.The area of sand land was increasing86145.5hm2, and the cultivated land’s area was increasing50003.6hm2.It could be seen that during the ten years much grass land wasoccupied and developed for cultivated land in the region of Barenzhelimu,inaddition the protection of grass land and cultivated land was notenough,therefore made much land desertification.(2)There was an obvious change of land use/cover types from1999to2009in the region of Barenzhelimu.The grass land conversion output was themost,and the number was190751.2hm2.Next was sand land and its numberwas3956.9hm2.The output area was arranged from big to small as: grass land＞sand land＞cultivated land＞bare land＞flood sand land＞forest land＞settlement place＞other type of land＞land for other constructions.The sandland conversion input was the most,and the number was90102.4hm2,Next wascultivated land and its number was52629.9hm2. The input area was arrangedfrom big to small as: grass land＞sand land＞cultivated land＞bare land＞flood sand land＞forest land＞settlement place＞other type of land＞land forother constructions.The grass land output was the conversion to sand land andcultivated land,and the main input sources were the cultivated land and floodsand land.However,original grass land still kept the highest proportion.Thecultivated land output was the conversion to sand land,grass land andsettlement placeand so on,but original cultivated land still kept the highestproportion.The main input source of the cultivated land was the grass land.The bare land output was the conversion to settlement place and sand land,and the main input source was the grass land. The sand land output wasthe conversion to bare land and cultivated land,and the main input source wasthe grass land.Although the others were changing obviously,the proportionwas small.(3)It was indicated from the trend and state index of the land use/coverthat the conversion of land use/cover was whole in a extremelyno-equilibrium state from1999to2009in the region of Barenzhelimu.Exceptthe land for other constructions,the dynamic change degree of grass land wasthe biggest,which meaned the scale of grass land was decreasingconstantly.The dynamic change degree of cultivated land,settlementplace,forest land,other type of land and sand land was all greater than0.9,which meaned the area of these types of lang use was expandingrapidly.The scale of grass land developed in reduced direction,showing thefalling trend.However,except the grass land,the other types of land alldeveloped in increased direction,showing the rising trend.(4)It was indicated from the result of analysis of degree change of landresources utilization that the comprehensive variation quantity of the land usedegree in the region of Barenzhelimu was197.142in1999and177.983in2009.The land use degree could only reach the45%of the theory,whichdemonstrated that the land use degree was very low.However,thecomprehensive index variation quantity of the land use degree in the region ofBarenzhelimu was-19.159from the year1999to2009,with the variation rate was-9.718%，which showed that the land use degree failed to reach thedevelopment stage in the region of Barenzhelimu and the adjustment stagewas not obvious.Because of the recession of land use,it needed control intime.(5)After the analysis of the driving force of LUCC in the region ofBarenzhelimu,it was shown that the consequence of LUCC was caused byboth the natural factors and human factors.更多还原