【作者】 王雪娇；

【导师】 洪友堂；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 测绘工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 机载激光雷达（LiDAR）测量技术作为一种新兴的空间测量技术，能够快速、高效地获得空间三维地理信息数据，引起了测绘等相关行业的浓厚兴趣。在我国，铁路建设事业飞速发展，特别是高标准的高速铁路和客运专线正在加紧建设，而铁路勘测一直面临勘测周期短、任务重、地形复杂等难题。机载LiDAR技术能够快速地获取大范围、大批量的高精度三维地理信息，很大程度上满足了铁路行业对三维数据的需求，在铁路行业得到广泛应用。相比传统的测量手段，基于机载LiDAR数据生成DEM，进而提取铁路横断面的方法，能够更加快速地提取大批量铁路横断面，具有更加明显的优势。本文结合机载LiDAR项目分析其在铁路横断面提取中的应用，主要内容如下：从机载LiDAR系统硬件的发展、软件的开发以及机载LiDAR点云滤波算法方面系统地介绍了机载LiDAR技术的国内外研究现状，分析了传统的测量技术在铁路行业提取横断面的方法。另外，文章还比较系统地介绍了机载LiDAR系统的组成和工作原理，进而分析了其数据特点及技术优势。文章着重研究了机载LiDAR技术在铁路横断面提取方面的工作原理及技术路线，通过实验进行了基于机载LiDAR数据提取铁路横断面的精度分析及可行性研究；本文对机载LiDAR点云滤波进行了详细地讨论，介绍了近些年来业界比较主流的点云滤波算法，并对这些算法各自的特点进行了分析。最后，鉴于机载LiDAR滤波时阈值的选择对滤波结果的影响，作者还进行了滤波阈值选择的实验，分析了迭代角度和迭代距离对不同地形等级和不同植被覆盖情况的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new technology of space measurement, airborne Light Detection AndRanging(LiDAR) can obtain three-dimensional GIS data quickly and efficiently，which has caused surveying and mapping，and other related industries much interest.In China, the railway construction is developing rapidly. Especially，high standardHigh-speed Rail and Passenger Line are under construction. However，railway surveyhas been facing some problems, such as short surveying period、heavy task、complexterrain，and so on. Airborne LiDAR technology can quickly obtain a wide range andlarge quantities of precious three-dimensional geographic information，which cangreatly meet the demand of data for railway construction，that is why airborne LiDARis widely used in railway industry. Compared to traditional means of measurement，this way which is based on airborne LiDAR data to generate DEM，then to extractrailway profile-sections has much more advantages，because it can extract quantitiesof railway profile-sections efficiently.In this paper，the author combined with the project of LiDAR to analyze itsapplication in railway profile-sections extraction.The main content is as follows：For the first，this paper systematically introduces the research status of airborneLiDAR technology from hardware and software development，as well as point cloudsfiltering algorithms. It also analyzes how does traditional measuring techniquesextract profile-sections in railway. In addition, the paper also makes a systematicintroduction on the airborne LiDAR system composition and working principle, andthen analyzes its data characteristics and technical advantages.This paper studies the airborne LiDAR technique in railway profile-sectionsextraction in the working principle and technical route，and makes precision analysisof the railway profile-sections and feasibility studies through experiment based onLiDAR data. The airborne LiDAR point clouds filtering is discussed in detail.However，the mainstream filtering algorithms and their characteristics are analyzed.Finally,in view of the influence of different filtering thresholds，the author alsocarry an experiment of filtering thresholds selection to analyze the influence of iterative angle and iterative distance on different terrain levels and different coveragesof vegetables.更多还原