【作者】 熊文涓；

【导师】 刘艳红；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 公墓在世界各国、各民族中都有着极其重要的政治和文化意义,同时作为城市绿地的组成部分有着特殊的地位。迄今为止,我国公墓建设更多的还是借鉴其他绿地建设经验,无序的公墓开发建设和殡葬活动都不同程度地影响着公墓及其周边环境。相关小尺度的公墓生态环境研究却一直处于空白。为了研究北京公墓的微气候特征,本文对北京5座公墓进行了绿量、墓体积、温度、湿度的测量、相关性分析,揭示了公墓中三维绿量、墓石量对其微环境的影响,据此对未来的公墓建设、修复中绿地规划的合理指标提供科学依据。结果表明：在无墓区20×20m2范围内的绿量分别达到750m3、300m3时植被降温增湿能力才能发挥出来,而墓区的绿墓比应该达到在25-30左右,植被才能发挥其降温增湿作用。在10-15点时间段内,植被降温能力随时间推移而提高,增湿能力反之。根据实验结果,筛选了适合北京地区公墓绿地建设的基调树种,提出了在20×20m2大小的墓区内植被的合理配置模式。旨在为今后北京公墓建设和修复中提供科学的指导依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cemetery is of the vital important political and cultural meanings around the word and nations. It’s in a very position as the component of the urban green system. So far, the cemetery’s construction in our country is mainly based on the experience of the other green system’s construction. The disorder of cemetery development and cemetery activities affect the cemetery and its surrounding environment at different level. A small scale study on the ecological environment of the cemetery is still in blank. In order to study Beijing cemetery’s micro-climatic characteristics, we measured and analyzed the TGB, volume of the tombstone, temperature and humidity in5different cemeteries, then we got the effects that the TBG and tombstone bring to the micro-climatic. This could provide a reasonable indicator for reference to future construction and restoration. Experiments showed that: the vegetation played its temperature-lowering and humidity-raising effects when TGB arrived at750m3and300m3in the20×20m2no-tomb quadrates; or when TGB/TV arrived at25-30in the20×20m2tomb quadrates. The temperature-lowering effects of vegetation raised and humidity-raising effects of vegetation went down as time goes by during10a.m-3p.m.According to the experimental results, we chose appropriate keynote trees and put forward rational vegetation distribution patterns in20×20m2tomb quadrates for Beijing cemetery’s future construction and restoration.更多还原