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微液滴制备不同形貌CuO及其光催化和气敏性能
Preparation of Different Morphologies of CuO by Controlling Micro-droplets and Their Properties of Photocatalysis and Gas-sensing
【作者】 安浩然；
【导师】 袁志好；
【作者基本信息】 天津理工大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2012， 硕士
【摘要】 CuO是一种典型的P型窄带半导体材料，禁带宽度为1.2eV。由于纳米CuO具有独特的电、光、催化特性，可以作为用途广泛的多功能无机材料。在气体传感、催化以及电池材料等领域有着广泛的用途。目前，纳米氧化铜的制备方法多种多样如水热法、热氧化法、化学气相沉积法等。虽然通过上述方法可以制备出各种形貌的CuO，但这些方法都存在着实验条件苛刻，成本高昂，需要添加其它试剂等缺点。所以，研究一种低成本、工艺流程简单的形貌可控的CuO的方法尤为迫切。本文中，我们探索了一种简单的制备不同形貌CuO纳米结构的方法。采用液滴控制、气泡辅助结合固相法在不同衬底上制备不同形貌的纳米氧化铜，并分析各种实验因素对产物形貌的影响。通过在疏水衬底上滴加不同体积硝酸铜溶液液滴，经过不同热处理生成CuO纳米结构。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）等对样品的结构、成分、形貌进行分析和表征。结果表明产物为单斜CuO、形貌有片状和片球等。使用光学显微镜在热处理时对样品进行原位观察，根据实验现象，提出一种由液滴控制、气泡辅助生长CuO的机制。指出初始液滴大小等因素对CuO产物的生长以及形貌起重要影响。初步研究了不同形貌CuO的光催化性能以及气敏性能。使用不同形貌的CuO作为催化剂对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙进行光催化处理。实验数据表明，片球的光催化性能最为优异。将不同形貌的CuO制成气敏元件，发现片球状CuO对200 ppm乙醇和200 ppm甲醛的气敏性能最好。
【Abstract】 As a P-type semiconductor with a narrow band gap (1.2 eV), cupric oxide (CuO) has beenwidely exploited for a number of interesting properties, such as fabrication of electrical,optical, and photovoltaic devices; gas sensing; heterogeneous catalysis and so on. Thesevarious CuO structures have been synthesized by a number of different methods, such ashydrothermal synthesis, thermal evaporation and chemical vapor deposition. However, thesemethods required either sophisticated instruments or involved complicated procedures. Thus,a simple and fast route for the synthesis of CuO materials under ambient conditions is stillrequired to meet economic and industrial needs.In this paper, we report a simple method for controlling the morphology of CuOnanostructures by droplet on the hydrophobic substrate. This method doesn’t requiredsophisticated instruments or involved complicated procedures. We use X-ray diffraction andfield emission scanning electron microscope to characterize and observe the structure andmorphology. The results indexed to the monoclinic phase CuO with platelets and flower-likemorphology.In order to understand the formation mechanism of such different morphology of CuO, theanneal process was observed by optical microscope. According the results of experiment, weindicate a simple method for controlling the morphology of CuO nanostructures by droplet.The morphology of CuO shapes could be controlled by volume of droplet et al.The thesis focused on treating the Methylene blue trihydrate and Methyl orange withdifferent morphology of CuO photocatalyst under UV. We also use the CuO as asemiconductor gas sensor and the results show that the flowerlike CuO have the bestsensitivity to ethanol and methyl alcohol.