【作者】 杜红梅；

【导师】 张克峰；

【作者基本信息】 山东建筑大学 ， 市政工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究是“国家水体污染控制与治理”重大科技专项“饮用水安全保障技术体系研究与示范”主题中“黄河下游地区饮用水安全保障技术研究与综合示范”项目中课题三“高藻引黄水库水常规工艺强化集成技术研究与示范”的子课题“技术集成与组合工艺研究与示范”的部分研究内容。本研究以东营胜利油田辛安水厂为研究对象,针对引黄水库水质恶化,氮磷营养物质含量高,藻和嗅味物质污染问题突出等特点,为满足新水质国标《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)的要求,将该水厂一组砂滤池改为炭砂滤池,开展试验研究。研究的主要内容有：(1)对比炭砂滤池与砂滤池的净水效果,并进行分析；(2)研究炭砂滤池的反冲周期；(3)探讨适于辛安水厂活性炭的再生技术方案。通过比较炭砂滤池与砂滤池出水水质发现,炭砂滤池对浊度、CODMn、TOC、 UV254、氨氮的去除效果均明显优于砂滤池。炭砂滤池对CODMn、TOC、UV254、氨氮的平均去除率分别达到38.92%、50.42%、61.04%、44.33%,砂滤池对CODMn、 TOC、UV254氨氮的平均去除率分别为10.23%、7.95%、8.26%、30.24%。试验期间,原水的藻类数量达到109数量级,常年处于较高水平,达到富营养化状态。原水经处理后,藻类数量急剧减少,总去除率达90%以上。其中,大部分藻类是通过气浮去除,但过滤单元对藻仍有一定的去除效果,炭砂滤池出水中的藻类数量略少于砂滤池出水。经检测发现,原水中的致嗅物质含量比较大,MIB、GSM分别达到74.81ng/L、4.29ng/L。传统工艺对嗅味物质GSM和MIB的去除极其有限,而活性炭可以有效吸附水中GSM和MIB,去除率高于砂滤池。炭砂滤池对MIB和GSM的去除率分别高达89.28%、93.43%。对消毒副产物前体物去除方面的研究表明,常规工艺对消毒副产物前体物的去除能力有限,炭砂滤池可以有效地吸附消毒副产物前体物,去除能力远高于砂滤池。研究中,炭砂滤池的进水与出水的pH值均在7.5以上,更好的保证了活性炭上的微生物进行硝化作用,降低水中的氨氮,提高了出水水质。本研究以滤池的水头损失和出水浊度作为控制指标,优化炭砂滤池反冲洗周期。从炭砂滤池水头损失的角度考虑,炭砂滤池的反冲周期为5-6d；从炭砂滤池出水浊度的角度考虑,炭砂滤池的过滤周期为3-3.5d。经综合考虑过滤周期与两指标之间的关系,最终确定炭砂滤池的过滤周期由出水浊度决定,即过滤周期为3d。从辛安水厂的实际运行效果来看,炭砂滤池能提高给水厂的出水水质,而且不增加基建投资,运行安全、方便、有效,适应给水厂的升级改造,并具有示范意义。分析了活性炭再生的必要性以及再生方式,并且比较归纳了各种再生方式的适用条件和优缺点。根据辛安水厂处理规模和活性炭使用量,从活性炭的再生成本上分析,得出该水厂活性炭再生方案。将饱和活性炭进行再生具有极其重要的工程应用价值和经济价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study is the sub-topics of "The Research and Demonstration of Strengthening Conventional Process Integration Technology to treat the Yellow River Reservoir Water with High Algae", which is the third of "The Research and Demonstration of the Drinking Water security technology in the Lower Reaches of Yellow River lower". It belongs to "The Research and Demonstration of the Drinking Water security technology" which is from Major science and technology program named "State Water Pollution Control and Governance".Aim at deterioration of water quality, such as the high content of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and algae pollution characteristics, the waterworks transformed a group of sand filter into GAC-sand filter, in order to meet the requirements of the new water quality of drinking water health standard (GB5749-2006).The main contents of the study include three aspects:(1) Comparing the purification effect of GAC-sand filter and sand filter through experiment;(2) To determine the backwash cycle of the GAC-sand filter according to the filter head loss and turbidity;(3) The regeneration of activated carbon is discussed in the end of the article.By comparing the water quality of GAC-sand filter and sand filter, it is found that the removal efficiency of GAC-sand filter on turbidity, CODMn, TOC, UV254and ammonia nitrogen are much better than the sand filter. In the GAC-sand filter, the average removal rates of CODMn, TOC, UV254and ammonia nitrogen are38.92%,50.42%,61.04%and44.33%, respectively. In the sand filter, the average removal rates of CODMn, TOC, UV254and ammonia nitrogen are10.23%,7.95%,8.26%and30.24%, respectively. During the test, the number of raw water algae is up to109orders of magnitude. The number of Algae is at a high level, reaching the state of eutrophication. After treatment, the alga of raw water has drastically reduced. Most of the algae are removed by flotation, however, filtration unit on removal of algae have some effect, and in the GAC-sand filter the number of algae is slightly less than the sand filter.After the examination, it is found that the odor substance of the raw water is relatively large. MIB and GSM of raw water are74.81ng/L and4.29ng/L, respectively. Traditional process is extremely limited to the removal of GSM and MIB. However, activated carbon can be an effective adsorption of GSM and MIB, and its removal rates are higher than the sand filter. In the GAC-sand filter, removal rates of MIB and GSM are up to89.28%and93.43%, respectively.According to the study on the removal of disinfection by-product precursor, it is found that traditional process is limited on removal of disinfection by-product precursors, the GAC-sand filter can effectively adsorb disinfection by-product precursors, its removal rates is higher than sand filter.During the test, in the GAC-sand filter, the pH of inlet and outlet are above7.5, which make for the microbial nitrification, reduce the ammonia nitrogen of water and improve water quality.The test takes the head loss and turbidity as control indexes, optimizes backwash cycle of GAC-sand filter. Considered from the perspective of head loss, the backwash cycle of GAC-sand filter is5-6days. Considered from the perspective of turbidity, the backwash cycle of GAC-sand filter is3-3.5days. After comprehensive consideration of the relationship between the filtration cycle and the two indicators, the final decision is that filtration cycle of GAC-sand filter is3days which determined by turbidity.From actual operating results of Xin’an water plants, GAC-sand filter can improve water quality of water supply plant, and it does not add infrastructure investment. GAC-sand filter has the advantage of running a safe, convenient and effective, which adapt to the water treatment plant upgrade, and demonstration of significance. Finally, article briefly describes the necessity and method of regeneration of activated carbon, and compares the conditions of application, advantages and disadvantages of the various regeneration modes. The regeneration of "saturated carbon" has an extremely important value in engineering and economic.更多还原