【作者】 韩梅；

【导师】 刘惠芬； 高用明；

【作者基本信息】 天津农学院 ， 作物遗传育种， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 干旱是限制水稻生产的重要的限制因素。本研究利用来源于蜀恢527/ZDZ057、蜀恢527/特青、蜀恢527/BG90-2、明恢86/ZDZ057、明恢86/特青和明恢86/BG90-2共计6个BC2F2:5群体，总计149个高代回交选择导入系为材料，对正常灌溉、干旱胁迫条件下的亲本和株系的单株产量及抽穗期、株高、穗长、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重进行了考查，进行表型分析、相关分析和通径分析。利用这6个作图群体构建的连锁图谱，采用卡方检测和单向方差分析的方法，对干旱胁迫和正常灌溉条件下的产量及其相关性状的数量性状位点进行了分析。主要研究结果如下：1.对干旱胁迫和正常灌溉条件下的高代回交导入系群体进行了主要农艺性状分析。结果表明，干旱胁迫条件下的单株产量比正常灌溉条件下的产量下降了10.9%和63%。在干旱胁迫处理条件下，蜀恢527为背景的3个群体的产量表现优于明恢86为背景的3个群体。与轮回亲本相比，同一遗传背景下的性状在正常灌溉和干旱胁迫条件下表现差异较大，其中蜀恢527为背景的群体的每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数和结实率均有增加，表现较为一致，但差异不显著；明恢86为背景的不同群体间的性状表现不一致，在干旱胁迫条件下，导入系群体的表现与轮回亲本相比差异显著。单株产量、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数和单株有效穗数受干旱的影响较大。此外，共挑选出23个在产量表现上优于轮回亲本优良的导入系。2.各性状间相关分析的结果表明，产量与单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数和每穗总粒数都呈现显著相关，同一群体在不同处理条件下产量和产量构成因子之间的相关性基本一致。不同群体在干旱胁迫和正常灌溉条件下的产量与单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数和千粒重的通径分析结果表明，单株有效穗数较多并且穗型较大可以提高产量。通过对不同处理对产量因子的方差分析得出，环境间均存在着显著差异，蜀恢527为背景的3个群体的所有变异因子中，解释的表型变异平均为40.2%，明恢86为背景的3个群体的所有变异因子中，解释的表型变异平均为7.2%。3.高代回交导入系群体抗旱相关性状的QTL定位结果表明，蜀恢527/ZDZ057、蜀恢527/特青、蜀恢527/BG90-2、明恢86/ZDZ057、明恢86/特青和明恢86/BG90-2群体在两种处理条件下分别定位到62、67、50、19、27和59个QTL；两种处理下共同定位到10、5、2、2、1和13个QTL；此外，有7、8、3、1、3和10个标记位点在单向方差分析和卡方检测两种方法中都被定位到。一因多效位点分别有20、16、14、4、4和16个。利用正常灌溉与胁迫差值进行QTL定位，检测到41个QTL，这些位点是与抗旱相关的位点。其中，31个QTL在两种处理条件下都被检测到，且效应的大小和方向表现稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drought is a key limited factor for rice production and yield stability. In this study,149advanced backcross selected introgression lines (ILs) in six random BC2F2:5populations weredeveloped by elite restorers Shuhui527and Minghui86as recurrent parents, ZDZ057, Teqingand BG90-2as donors.8target traits were used for phenotypic analysis, correlation analysisand path analysis, including heading date (HD), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), filledgrain number per panicle (FGP), total spikelet number per panicle (SPP), sterility fertility(SF), thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain yield per plant (GY). To identify the genomicregions contributing to yield and its components under drought stress and normal irrigationconditions, we detected quantitative traits loci (QTLs) by using Chi-square test and one-wayANOVA, respectively. The main results were as follows:1. Phenotypic performance of advanced backcrossing introgression lines under normalirrigation and drought stress suggested that drought stress caused a reduction in the averageyield per plant ranging from10.9%to63%. Under drought stress condition, yieldperformance of3populations in Shuhui527background is better than3populations inMinghui86background. Compared with recurrent parents, several traits even in the samebackgrounds presented different performance under normal irrigation and drought stressconditions. Such as an FGP, SPP and SF increasing in Shuhui527background, which haveconsistent performance, but have no significant difference was observed. However,3populations had different performance in Minghui86backgrounds. Under drought stresscondition, ILs has significant difference with recurrent parent. GY, FGP, SPP and PN havegreater effect. Moreover,23elite lines which had higher yield than recurrent parents wereidentified.2. The phenotypic correlation analysis and path analysis among yield and its componentsshowed that, GY was significantly correlated with PN, FGP and SPP in all populations undertwo conditions. Consistent performance was presented in the same populations under differentconditions. The path analysis of GY with PN, FGP and TGW in different populations undertwo conditions showed that GY can be increased by big panicle and many panicles. Anovaresults indicated that environment components were highly significant for yield and relatedtraits. For all traits explained an average of40.2%of the total traits variation in3populationswith Shuhui527background, and explained an average of7.2%in3populations with Minghui86background.3. Total62,67,50,19,27and59QTLs were detected in Shuhui527/ZDZ057,Shuhui527/Teqing, Shuhui527/BG90-2, Minghui86/ZDZ057, Minghui86/Teqing andMinghui86/BG90-2advanced backcross introgression populations, respectively. Among them,10,5,2,2,1and13QTLs were identified under two conditions, respectively. Moreover,7,8,3,1,3and10QTLs were detected by Chi-square text and one-way ANOVA.20,16,14,4,4and16tightly linked or pleiotropic QTLs were also identified. In addition,41QTLs weredetected by using the differences of trait under stress and irrigation, which were related to thedrought tolerance. Among the41QTLs,31QTLs were identified under two conditions, whichwere stably expressed and derived from the same parents.更多还原