【作者】 陈海燕；

【导师】 彭智勇； 朱德全；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 班级是学校中基本的教育单位与管理单位,也是学生在学校生活最重要的社会组织。中学班级中的非正式群体的存在是一种正常且普遍的现象,我们应该客观的认识它。这些非正式群体多具两面性。当班级正式群体凝聚力强,有威信,起积极主导作用时,他们会被吸引过来,帮助班级完成一些有益有效的工作,甚至能起到班主任、班干部不能起到的特殊作用；他们的负面作用则是：削弱正式群体的凝聚力,影响甚至破坏班级正常工作的开展。所以,班集体建设过程中不容忽视的一个问题就是如何协调好各种群体的关系与影响,使班集体和非正式群体之间形成相辅相促的局面,防止产生班集体建设的内耗,同时消除不良非正式群体的影响。漠视非正式群体存在,是不明智的,也绝不能采用高压手段和寄希望于斥责教训来达到教育的目的,也不能采用向家长、学校告状来逼其解体。但是,目前班级管理者存在类似的引导错误,方法还较浅显和单一,如制度制定上、教育方式上等,甚至带有强制性,对其的认识还存在偏差,国内外一些专家在这方面探索了许多有效的引导方法。把班级建设成为班集体是班级发展的一个必然目标,所以,在这个过程中如何正确认识和引导、调控非正式群体,使之健康发展并为教育目标的实现服务,是每一位教育工作者面临的重要课题,正所谓“火车跑得快,全靠车头带”。本人将在前人研究成果的基础上采用访谈法、问卷调查法等,就“班集体建设中非正式群体的引导策略”这一论题做进一步研究,主要研究当前中学教师引导非正式群体的现状,并针对出现的问题提出有效的引导策略。本文首先对本论题研究的缘由作了简要分析,并对相关概念作了一定界定,接着对相关国内外的文献进行了综述,然后确定了本研究的意义。其次,本文就中学班级中非正式群体的现状及非正式群体引导的现状做了分析和探讨。就非正式群体的现状而言,他们普遍的存在班级中,群体自身的一些特点不利于班级工作的开展。就中学班级中非正式群体引导的现状而言,基本上所有老师都认为有必要对其进行引导,但引导的方法上还存在一些问题。最后,通过调查分析,对现行班级管理进行反思,针对目前中学班级中非正式群体引导存在的问题提出了两大方面的建议：1.打造和谐的客体性生态育人环境；2.加强非正式群体引导的主体性生态教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 The class is a basic educational institution and management unit, students’best important Society organization in school life.In a class, there are informal students groups is a normal and common appearance, we must know it objectively. These informal groups have tow sides. When formal groups have strong cohesion, have prestige and actively, the informal groups will be attracted, help class complete some useful work, even play a special role that the class teacher, class cadre can not. Their negative effects are undermining the cohesion of a formal group, or even undermine the carrying out of the normal work of the class. So, an issue that can not be ignored is how to coordinate the relationship and influence of the various groups, make class group and informal groups formed the situation of mutually reinforcing and promote, to prevent the internal friction to produce class construction, while eliminating the adverse impact of the informal groups. It is unwise to ignore their existence,must not use the high-handedness and hope rebuked lessons to achieve their educational purposes and complain to parents, schools to the disintegration of them. But, it is relatively simple and even with the mandatory currently in the informal guiding works, there are deviations of knowledge on them, some experts at home and abroad have explored a number of effective methods to guide. So, building the lass be a class group is an inevitable target, in this process, how to correctly know and guide^control the informal groups so that develop healthy and service for the educational goals is an important issue facing to every educator, it is so called that "train to run fast, thanks for the front to lead". I will do further study on the topic "the guiding strategies on the informal groups in class construction" based on the results of previous studies using interviews%questionnaires and so on.The main research are the current situation of guiding middle school informal groups, and put forward effective strategies to guide them against the problem.This article will do a brief analysis on the reason for researching on this topic and define for related concepts, and then review the relevant literature at home and abroad, followed by significance.The second, this article analyzes the current situation of the Middle school informal groups in class and guiding. The former, they are common in class, the features of them are bad to carrying out the class work. The latter, almost of the teachers think it is necessary to guide the informal groups in class, but their methods have some problems.At last, against the problem, put out tow sides of advices on guiding informal groups across investigation and analysis:(1) Creating the harmony educational environment on objects.(2) Strengthen the subjects’ecological education about guiding the informal groups.更多还原