【作者】 王珍珍；

【导师】 唐炎；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 运用文献资料法、案例研究法等研究方法,通过对学校体育伤害事故背后所存在的安全隐患进行分析,结合典型案例,总结学校、体育教师、学生等在防范与处理学校体育伤害事故过程经验与不足,旨在为学校体育伤害事故安全防范措施提供可行性的参考意见。第一,关于学校体育伤害事故的界定：是指学校组织在校学生参与的校内、外的体育教学、课外体育活动、课余体育训练、体育竞赛中,以及在校学生在学校负有管理、教育、保护职责范围内体育教育教学活动设施、场馆及其他可开展体育活动的场所自行参与的各项体育活动,造成在校学生人身损害后果的事故。第二,关于学校体育伤害事故的成因分析,是对事故划分责任的前提。判定事故属于哪一方责任?有两个条件：一是事故是否与该方有因果关系?二是责任方是否有过错行为?据此,归纳有五个原因：学校方面原因造成的事故,说明学校与事故有因果关系,且确实存在过错行为,对事故负主要责任。具体事故情形：因学校体育设施存在安全隐患；因学校安全管理制度存在明显漏洞；因学校安全意识教育不到位等。教师方面原因造成的事故,说明教师与事故有因果关系,教师在教学活动中失职,即教师负有主要的责任。具体的事故情形表现有：因教师教学组织不科学、教学内容不合理、保护措施不足、擅离职守无责任心。因体育教师责任心不强或对学生保护力不足而发生的事故；因教师内容安排不合理、教法不当、教学手段不科学等原因而发生的事故；也有文献对教师管理失职和体罚学生专门进行分析,笔者在此,将教师管理失职归纳在教学手段不科学、教学组织不严密范围内,将体育教师体罚学生归纳在体育教师责任心不强或对学生保护力不足范围。学生方面原因造成的事故,全称为学生或未成年学生监护人方面的原因,因对于未成年学生就是其监护人责任,此处为了统一说法,简称为学生方面的原因。说明学生与事故有因果关系,学生的行为存在过错,即事故中负有主要的责任。也就是说学生自身方面与伤害事故有着直接的因果联系。具体包括：因学生安全意识淡薄,或主观上不遵守纪律,或不服从教师的指挥,过错行为导致自身或他人发生伤害事故；因学生身体素质不适进行体育运动或有特异体质或特定疾病而在运动中发生的伤害事故；意外因素原因造成的事故,是指如自然因素、体育运动本身的风险性、不可预测的或是突发性的状况等,对于意外的事故,应做好各方面的风险性的考虑,提高安全意识。混合原因造成的事故,是指由学校、教师、学生、第三方的相关人员等多方相互交错而引起的事故。其中第三方的相关人员是指除学校或教师、受害学生之外的相关人员,或是学校的教职工是以履行非职务行为的角色。以上所讲的都是单方面的因素引起的伤害事故,在实际的教学情况,事故的原因是很复杂的,实则是多方面共同造成的事故,在认定责任时,可依据各过错方的主次程度承担相应责任比例。第三,关于学校体育伤害事故的防范措施,在学校方面,应健全意外保险制度；加强安全意识教育；强化学校安全管理制度,如建全校园体育设施安全检查制度、学生健康检查及特殊体质登记制度、体育课堂教学规范化督检制度、课外体育活动安全监督值日制度、学校门卫的安全保卫制度；加大教师的培训力度,引进教师人才；在学生方面,应强化安全教育,掌握安全救护技能。更多还原

【Abstract】 By using the research methods of documentation, case study, this article analyzes the existing safety hazards in injury accidents of school sports, combines with typical cases, summarizes the experience and shortcomings when schools, physical education teachers, and students prevent and deal with those injury accidents, aims to provide practical suggestions for safety precautions.First, the definition of injury accidents in school sports:refers to the organization of the school sports teaching contests, extracurricular sports activities, after school sports training, sports competition, and in the school education, responsible for the administration and protection duties within the scope of the school buildings, sites, education teaching activity facilities caused by students in personal injury accident consequences. And it is worth noting that, here said the school sports four forms, in a sense, the area of study is the student normal schedules range of incidents, not consider work and rest outside of the situation, that is, the school shall have education, management, protection responsibilities.Second, the causes of injury accidents in school sports, which is divided the premise of the responsibility for the accident. There are two conditions to judge which side is responsible for the accident:one is the accident with the party has whether causal relationship? The party is whether there is a fault behavior? Accordingly, there are four reasons:The reason of the schools:it suggests that the school and accident causation, and really existence fault behavior, bear the primary responsibility for the accident. Specific accident situation: for school sports facilities unsafe; because school safety management system has obvious errors; because school safety consciousness education does not reach the designated position, etc. The reason of the teachers:that teacher and accident have causation, the teacher in the teaching activity of breach of duty, which is primarily the responsibility of the teachers. The accident appear to have a specific situation:for teachers’teaching organization is not science, teaching content is not reasonable, protecting measures lack, leave their no responsibility. For PE teachers’sense of responsibility to protect students or insufficient and accident; For teachers’content is not reasonable, teaching methods, teaching means are not improper reasons such as science and accident; Also have literature on teacher management breach of duty and the corporal punishment student special to carry on the analysis, the author in this teacher management dereliction in teaching means not science concludes, teaching organization is not close range, will the corporal punishment student physical education teachers in physical education teacher concludes sense of responsibility to protect students or insufficient scope.The reason of the students:this is the students or minor student guardian reasons, for to minor student is the guardian of the responsibility, here in order to uniform statement, hereinafter referred to as the reason for students. Students and accidents that have causality, the behavior of students existence fault, that is the main responsibility for the accident. That is the students themselves and the damage there is a direct causal relationship accident. Specific include:for student safety consciousness, subjectively or discipline, or don’t obey the command of the teachers, behavior led to their own or others fault accident happened; For the students’physical discomfort playing sports or idiosyncrasy or a particular disease and in sports injury accident happened;The reason of other relevant personnel, it is to point to in addition to school or teachers, suffer the related personnel outside students, or employees of the school is to perform the role of the behavior of the developer caused injury accident.Mixed reasons is caused by the intertwining of schools, teachers, students, and other relevant personnel reasons, the above is telling the unilateral factors cause the injury accident, in the actual teaching situation, the cause of the accident is very complex, actually is various accidents common, in determine the responsibility, can according to the fault of the party primary and secondary degree bear corresponding responsibility proportion.In addition, there is because accident factors, such as the natural factors, the risk of sport itself, unpredictable or sudden situation, and so on, this kind of accident is unable to predict in advance, should do well in all aspects of the consideration of risk, and improve safety consciousness.Third, the prevention measures of injury accidents in school sports:the accident insurance system should be set up; the safety consciousness education should be strengthened; the school safety management system should be reinforced in school, such as, to build the inspection system of the campus-wide sports facilities safety, student health examination and special registration system, the supervisory inspection system of PE teaching standardized, the oversight duty system of extra-curricular sports activities safety, the school security system; to increase efforts on training teachers, to introduce outstanding teachers; to strengthen the students’safety education and their rescue skills.更多还原