身高蠕变对弯曲放松特性影响的研究

【作者】 张雁冰；

【导师】 单信海；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的：本论文的目的一是测量人体双肩静力负重前后身高的蠕变情况，采用摄影和肌电同步测试采集elector spinae (ES)竖脊肌, rectus abdominis (RA)腹直肌, external oblique (EO)腹外斜肌和biceps femoris (BF)股二头肌四块肌肉的肌电信号和人体运动影像，分析竖脊肌的弯曲放松特性，探讨身高蠕变对弯曲放松特性的影响。二是根据肌肉之间肌电的强弱关系，探讨所测试的四块肌肉在屈伸过程中的协调性。研究方法:本实验受试者为山东师范大学体育学院16名男性学生，身体状况良好均无运动损伤史。实验过程中主要测试肌肉为elector spinae (ES)竖脊肌,rectus abdominis (RA)腹直肌, external oblique (EO)腹外斜肌和biceps femoris (BF)股二头肌四块肌肉。身高发生蠕变的条件是双肩静力负重自身体重的20%，自然站立10分钟，蠕变测试仪器为自制15度夹角滑道和电子游标卡尺。测试动作为躯干屈伸10s，其中5s向前弯曲、5s从最大弯曲返回到初始位置。肌电信号采集与数码摄像同步进行，实验数据在负重前后各采集三次。实验结果：人体在10分钟双肩带静力负重自身体重20%的条件下，身高蠕变的平均值为5.9mm。弯曲的过程中，在肌电关闭（EMG-off）方面，负重前后，躯干倾角α的角度绝对值从51.7°变为55.2°(p=0.039)同时角度相对值从83.2%变为90.1% (p=0.030)，屈腰角β的角度绝对值从69.0°变为80.5°(p=0.020)同时角度相对值从71.1%变为81.9% (p=0.030)。在肌电开启（EMG-on）方面，负重前后，躯干倾角α的角度绝对值从54.6°变为58.3°(p=0.015)同时角度相对值从87.9%变为95.0% (p=0.003)，屈腰角β的角度绝对值从76.1°变为86.5°(p=0.012)同时角度相对值从78.7%变为88.0% (p=0.030)。结论与建议：数据显示身高蠕变（变矮）延长了弯曲放松现象的时间即肌电信号消失的时间延长，但是身高蠕变（变矮）缩短肌肉动员时间的机制实验无法证明。无论负重与否，在16个样本中竖脊肌肌电信号均检测出弯曲放松现象（FRP），信号检测率达100%。最大角度的绝对值方面，负重前后的躯干倾角α不存在显著性差异（P>0.05），屈腰角β不存在显著性差异（P>0.05）。肌电关闭（EMG-off）角方面，负重前后的躯干倾角α的绝对值存在显著性差异（P<0.05），屈腰角β的绝对值存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;倾角α的相对值存在显著性差异（P<0.05），屈腰角β的相对值存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。肌电开启（EMG-on）角方面，负重前后的躯干倾角α的绝对值存在显著性差异（P<0.05），屈腰角β的绝对值存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;倾角α的相对值存在非常显著性差异（P<0.01），屈腰角β的相对值存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。在肌肉协调性研究方面，rectus abdominis (RA)腹直肌, external oblique (EO)腹外斜肌和biceps femoris(BF)股二头肌三块肌肉数据采集不全，biceps femoris (BF)股二头肌的肌电一直大于最大值的5%即一直处于开启状态，说明股二头肌在人体腰部弯曲的过程中没有发挥作用。external oblique (EO)腹外斜肌有俩组数据显示其开启的时间比elector spinae (ES)竖脊肌早。国内对于身高蠕变和弯曲放松特性现象的研究还很少，需要人们投入更大的精力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purposes: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the spinalshrinkage on the characteristic of flexion relaxation phenomenon in erector spinaemuscle. In the process of experiment test muscles is elector spinae (ES), rectusabdominis (RA), external oblique (EO) and biceps femoris (BF)。The second isaccording to the muscles of the intensity of the relationship between muscle, discussestest the four muscles in the process of flexion in coordination.Methods: 12 male university students volunteered for this study. Theexperimental process test for main muscle elector spinae (ES) vertical spinalmuscular, rectus abdominis (RA) abdominal muscle, external oblique (EO) abdomenbiceps femoris and the oblique muscle (BF) shares biceps four muscles. The spinalshrinkage was made with a load of 20% body weight on shoulder in 10 min. Eachperformed three trials of lumbar flexion-extension with the cycle of 5s flexion, and 5sextension in standing before and after shrinkage. EMG signals acquisition and digitalcamera synchronously, experimental data in the weight three times before and aftershrinkage.Results: Human body in 10 minutes with static load their shoulders weight 20%of the conditions, the average height creep of 5.9 mm. Bending process, in the fleshreport close (EMG-off), before and after loading, the trunk inclination Angle theintimacy competency scale from 51.7°into 55.2 absolute value°(p = 0.039) at thesame time and the relative value of Angle from 83.2% to 90.1% (p = 0.030), flexor waist Angle from 69.0°Angle absolute value to 80.5°(p = 0.020) at the same timeand the relative value of Angle from 71.1% to 81.9% (p = 0.030). In the flesh reportopen (EMG-on), before and after loading, the trunk inclination Angle the intimacycompetency scale from 54.6°into 58.3 absolute value°(p = 0.015) at the same timeand the relative value of Angle from 87.9% to 95.0% (p = 0.003), flexor waist Anglefrom 76.1°Angle absolute value to 86.5°(p = 0.012) at the same time and therelative value of Angle from 78.7% to 88.0% (p = 0.030).Conclusion and suggestion: It was concluded that shrinkage developed inintervertebral discauses the erector spinae muscles to become active longer duringanterior flexion as well as extension period. It is not clear in this time that theshrinkage will cause the change of FRP. However, one explanation may be relative toneural reflex. 16 samples shaft spinal muscular EMG signals are detected (FRP)bending relax phenomenon, signal detection rate of 100%. The absolute value of thebiggest Angle, the weight of the body of dip Angleαbefore and after not significantly(P > 0.05) down, waist Angleβdoes not exist significant differences (P > 0.05).Muscle electricity shut (EMG-off) in Angle, the load of the body of before and afterthe intimacy competency scale absolute value inclination significantly (P < 0.05)down, waist Angle absolute value significantly (P < 0.05); Dip the relative value ofthe intimacy competency scale there exist significant difference (P < 0.05), bowedAngle relative value waist exists significant difference (P < 0.05). Muscle electricityopen (EMG-on) in Angle, the load of the body of before and after the intimacycompetency scale absolute value inclination significantly (P < 0.05) down, waist Angle absolute value significantly (P < 0.05); Dip the relative value of the intimacycompetency scale exist very significant difference (P < 0.01), bowed Angle relativevalue waist exists significant difference (P < 0.05). In the muscle coordination, rectusabdominis (RA) abdominal muscle, external oblique (EO) abdomen biceps femorisand the oblique muscle (BF) shares biceps three muscles data acquisition is notcomplete, biceps femoris (BF) shares biceps muscle electricity have been greater thanthe maximum value of 5% that have been in an open position that shares biceps inhuman waist in the process of bending don’t work. External oblique (EO) abdomenthe oblique muscle two sets of data show the open time is earlier than elector spinae(ES) vertical spinal muscular. More studies are necessary to understand clearly thechange of FRP after shrinkage in future.更多还原