冷战结束后美国的台湾利益集团对中美关系的影响

【作者】 高顺祥；

【导师】 王玮；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 世界史， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 冷战结束后，利益集团政治在美国外交决策领域的影响逐渐彰显，其中台湾利益集团在美国外交政治中扮演了重要角色，给中美关系带来了严重影响。本文对冷战结束后美国外交政策的特点，美国利益集团政治的影响进行了分析，特别是对台湾利益集团的构成及其在美外交政策领域施加的影响进行了重点论述。冷战后，美国国会与总统在外交方面的争权愈演愈烈。国会通过手中掌握的拨款权、人事任免权、监督听证权等权力深度介入外交事务，并与利益集团结成联盟，国会成为利益集团最主要的“发声管”。台湾利益集团自出现时起，就与国会关系密切，部分国会议员实际充当了台湾利益集团的代言人。台湾利益集团构成复杂，大体可分为“台湾系”和“本土系”两大类：台湾系是指台湾当局在美国的派出机构及其利益的代理人，由台湾当局支配或暗中指使，是集团的核心力量；本土系则是由于经济利益驱使或出自意识形态、政治利益和国家安全等方面的考虑而支持台湾的美国利益集团、个人或组织，他们属于外围成员，但作用不容低估。台湾利益集团活动目标主要是为台湾谋利益，比如争取台湾加入联合国等国际组织，谋求独立国家地位等。为此，台湾利益集团通过游说议员和行政官员、公关外交、感情投资、政治捐献等多种方式拉拢美国决策部门，离间中美关系，使90年代以来的中美关系出现跌宕起伏局面。冷战后，台湾利益集团推动了台湾领导人访美、美国对台军售、台湾入联等多个破坏海峡两岸和平与中美关系稳定的事件，造成海峡局势的持续紧张，不仅给中美关系带来诸多变数，也使中国和平解决台湾问题的努力困难重重。基于其对中美关系和海峡稳定造成的严重后果，本文最后提出必须对台湾利益集团施加给美国社会的影响加以“隔离”并予以修补。具体说来，加强对美国国会的工作力度，改进工作方法——由原来的由上而下，重视美国上层而忽视美国民众的工作方法改为既重视中美上层社会的示范作用又充分发挥两国民间社会的联系纽带作用的上下结合的工作方法，充分发挥公共外交的作用，以此减少台湾利益集团等对中美关系的破坏，推动中美关系的健康稳定发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The influence of interest group politics on American foreign policy decision-makingfield has been demonstrated gradually after the Cold War. Taiwan interest groupplayed an important role in American diplomatic politics, which brought about criticalimpacts on Sino-U.S. relations. This paper analyses the characteristics of Americanforeign policy and the influence of US interest group politics, especially thecomposition of Taiwan interest group and its impacts on American diplomatic politicsafter the Cold War.The contending for power and profit between U.S. Congress and the president onforeign affairs has become even more violent after the cold war. The congressintervened profoundly in foreign affairs through its rights of appropriation, humanaffairs appointments and supervision and hearings, and formed a league with theinterest groups. Thus the congress has become the main“sound pipe”of the interestgroups. Taiwan interest groups got a close relationship with the congress as soon as itappeared-some representatives became spokesman of Taiwan interest groups indeed.The composition of Taiwan interest group was complex and can be generallydevided into Taiwan group and local group:Taiwan group indicated the US agency and its deputy from Taiwan authorities,which dominated or insigated secretly by Taiwan authorities and was the core of thegroup. The local group combined with some US interest groups, individuals ororganizations which impeled by economic benefit, ideology, political interests ornational security to support Taiwan. Although peripheral members, the effect oflocal groups cannot be underestimated.The targets of Taiwan interest group were further their interests for Taiwan, suchas fighting for joining the the United Nations and being independent. For this reason,Taiwan interest group courted US decision-making departments and alienated therelationship between China and the USA by lobbying representatives andadministrative officials, Pr diplomatic, investment in human relationships andpolitical donations, which made Sino-U.S. relations emerging ups and downs.After the Cold War, Taiwan interest group pushed forward a series of eventswhich damaged the peace of cross-strait and the stability of Sino-U.S. relations, suchas the Taiwan president’s visit to the United States, the Weapons sales from US toTaiwan and the United Nations joining affair. According to the serious consequencesTaiwan interest group caused, this paper suggests enhancing the working effects andprocedures of US Congress in the end-- the congress should both pay attention to thedemonstration effects of Sino-US superstratum and the affiliated ligament functionsof nongovernmental groups between two countries instead of thinking highly of USsuperstratum and ignoring the US populace, and give full play to the effects of publicdiplomacy ,reducing the destruction of Taiwan interest group and promoting thedevelopment of Sino-US relationships.更多还原