【作者】 程金玉；

【导师】 姜振飞；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 国际关系， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 冷战结束后,国际核安全环境发生了根本性改变,世界大国间发生核大战的可能性大为降低。冷战后美国历届政府对核威慑政策进行了调整,具体表现在：削减美国进攻性战略核武器数量、降低“报复性威慑”在美国国家安全中的作用；发展用于“拒止性威慑”的导弹防御系统和核常兼备的高科技武器,提升美国“拒止性威慑”力量的实战能力。实际上,后冷战时期美国的核威慑政策,是对冷战时期美国核威慑政策的继承和发展,其最终目的都是为了确保美国的绝对国家安全。但是当美国寻求其国家绝对安全的理想遇到需要妥协的现实时,它就不得不对其核威慑政策作出策略性调整,但这种调整没有也不会改变其寻求绝对安全的本质。具体表现在冷战结束后,美国退出了《反导条约》,极力发展导弹防御系统。从冷战时期“报复性核威慑”转变为冷战后“拒止性核威慑”,以及后冷战时期美国“拒止性核威慑”能力的发展,体现了美国寻求国家绝对安全之路。在此过程中,现实主义是美国核威慑政策调整主要的指导思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Post-cold war era, international security environment has changed dramatically, the threat of global nuclear war has become remote. Accordingly, American administration has adjusted the nuclear deterrence policy, that is:reduce the quantity of offensive strategic weapons, reduce the role of deterrence by punishment in American national security, while develop the Ballistic Missile Defense System and hi-technology weapons which have dual—capable capability and raise the capability of deterrence by denial.In fact, America’s post cold war nuclear deterrence policies is the continuation and develop of cold war times, the ultimate purpose is to achieve America’s absolute security. But when this realism confront the reality, the American administration has to made the adjustment, which has not and will not change American administration purpose to seek absolute security. This absolute security complex can be seen again from America quitted the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti—Ballistic Missile Systems (ABM), and develop Ballistic Missile Defense System. Realism dominated this process.更多还原