【作者】 陈孟涛；

【导师】 李志华；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络是由众多传感器在空间上以无线通信方式自组织成一个多跳的网络系统。目前在IT行业比较热门有物联网和智慧地球两个概念,其核心的底层技术之一就是无线传感器网络。无线传感器网络的出现越来越引起了全世界人们的关注,继因特网之后,它是会给21世纪人们的生产和生活方式带来重大改变的IT技术之一。并且它具有节点众多、快速部署、自组织成网、有限的节点能量和多变的拓扑结构等特点,由于无线传感器网络自身的原因,以往的网络协议已不在适用于无线传感器网络。因此,研究并设计新的路由协议是无线传感器网络面临的一个新的挑战。无线传感器网络具有十分广阔的应用前景,越来越成为计算机科学领域的研究热点问题。近年来有许多研究学者研究并提出了许多典型的无线传感器网络路由算法,但这些路由算法都或多或少有一些缺陷与不足。本文从智能优化算法的研究角度出发,比较系统地研究了无线传感器网络路由算法,在对一些典型的路由算法与协议分析比较之后,针对无线传感器网络的特点,提出了基于蚁群的WSN路由算法。蚁群算法是计算领域非常成功的案例之一,是模拟真实蚂蚁寻找最优路径的仿生优化算法,具有分布式计算、支持多路径和易实现等特点。本文通过对蚁群算法的深入分析研究后,发现蚁群算法在寻找路径的过程中会产生无效的周游路径,即对蚂蚁间的协作产生影响,这将显著地降低算法的收敛速度和性能,为克服这种现象,本文对经典蚁群算法进行改进,提出了一种基于混合行为的新蚁群算法。算法中引入停止蚂蚁的概念和局部调优策略,通过构造局部路线,防止无用路径的产生,仿真实验表明,能比较显著地提高算法的性能。本论文的另一个研究内容是通过对LEACH协议进行研究,指出其不足之处并对其进行改进,提出一种基于改进蚁群的WSN路由算法,在选取簇头时不仅把传感器节点的剩余能量考虑进来,而且将改进后蚁群算法应用于簇间寻找路径,从而形成簇间多跳路由,能有效地减少簇头节点能量的消耗。经过对改进后路由算法的测试分析,发现算法有效可行,延长了网络的总体生命周期,使无线传感器网络的总体性能得到了改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network is made up of numerous micro-sensor nodes which monitor the area and make up a multi-hop self-organizing system by means of wireless communication. In the IT industry, there are two popular concepts which is the internet of things and smart planet, one of core technology is wireless sensor networks. It draws the attention of people all over the world, and will have a significant impact on the lifestyle of the 21st century after the internet. Wireless sensor network owns the features that have many nodes, rapid deployment, self-organize, lower node’s energy and the changing topology. The traditional network protocol is no longer suitable for wireless sensor networks due to the limits of wireless sensor network’s characteristics. Therefore, the research and design of the new routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks faces a new challenge.Wireless sensor network has very broad application prospects, and is increasingly the hot issues in the areas of computer science. In recent years, many researchers have proposed a number of typical routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks, but these routing algorithms have some more or less flaws and shortcomings. This pater from the viewpoint of study on intelligent optimization algorithm, systematic researches on wireless sensor network routing algorithm and proposes a WSN routing algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization after analyzing and comparing with some typical routing algorithms and routing protocols of wireless sensor networks.Ant Colony algorithm is one of the success cases in intelligent computing field. It is simulating ants Bionic optimization algorithms, which has distribute computing, support for multiple paths and ease of implementation characteristics. This article, after deeply analyzing and researching on ant colony algorithm, founds that the invalid travel path of the ant colony algorithm could be generated, having an impact on ant interaction. This will significantly reduce the speed of convergence and performance of the algorithm, to avoid this phenomenon, ant colony algorithm based on hybrid behavior is proposed. The algorithm introduces the stopping ant and local optimization strategies to construct a local route to prevent useless path. Simulation experiments show that it can significantly improve the performance of algorithms. Another content of this paper is researching LEACH Protocol. Pointing out its shortcomings and improving it, a WSN routing algorithm based on improved ant colony optimization is proposed which considers the remaining energy of the nodes in choosing the cluster heads and also the improved ant colony algorithm is applied to cluster path and form clustered multi-hop routing, these could effectively reduce the energy consumption of the cluster head node. After simulation test on the routing algorithm, it is effective and feasible, extends the network life cycle, and improves the performance of wireless sensor networks.更多还原