【作者】 韩晓莉；

【导师】 李博文；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 鉴于蔬菜质量的高要求及沼肥的环境友好特点,试验以油菜为研究对象,采用温室小型盆栽研究,在等施氮量条件下,沼液配方肥和无机复混肥的肥效特点及其对油菜生长、品质及土壤质量的影响。旨在为沼肥的安全应用提供一定的理论及实践依据,并为低硝酸盐、高营养品质的蔬菜生产筛选优质肥料和优化施肥组合提供科学依据。试验主要得到以下结论:(1)随追施沼液配方肥量的增加,油菜的干重和鲜重呈先升高后降低的规律,拐点为6.0 ml/kg(A3)时。(2)在等施氮量条件下,施用沼液配方肥对油菜的生长发育要明显优于无机复混肥。与无机复混肥相比,在油菜干物重上,施用沼液配方肥可使油菜增加5.82%～10.67%;在油菜鲜重上,施用沼液配方肥可使油菜增加3.61%～10.81%;在油菜根干重上,可使根干重增加2.57%~22.90%;在根冠比上,其比值最高可达0.104,保障了其根系的生长发育状况,从而确保了植物生长良好。(3)沼液配方肥可提高油菜的品质,降低有害物质残留。在等施氮量条件下,与无机复混肥相比,可使硝酸盐含量降低38.85%～52.97%,Vc含量高达41.88 mg/kg,还原糖含量增加6.81%～21.32%。(4)沼液配方肥对油菜生长期内土壤理化性质的影响:沼液配方肥对碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾都有提高,各养分含量都以沼液配方肥施氮量为1.92 g/kg时,含量最高,与无机复混肥相比,分别提高了6.72%、9.30%和19.63%,有利于调节土壤pH值、EC值,降低土壤硝态氮的残留量,由此表明,沼液配方肥对土壤有较好的改良效果。(5)沼液配方肥可以提高油菜对养分含量的吸收,与无机复混肥相比,沼液配方肥可使油菜对全N、全P、全K的吸收量分别提高29.68%、8.97%和15.06%,进而提高氮素的利用率至59.90%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the advent ages of biogas and the demand of the excellent vegetable in China recently. A pot experiment was carried out to studyt the effects of applying biogas slurry-based and inorganic compound fertilizers on the growth, quality and soil qualities, pakchoi as experimental plant. which is aimed at providing the basis of the theories and practices for the safety applications and providing the science basis of choose the excellent soil fertility and optimizing the combination of fertilizer for producing innocuous of the low nitrate and high nourishment quality. The main conclusions are the following:(1) With the increasing in biogas slurry-based fertilizer, pakchoi in dry weight and fresh weight were showed a trend from ascent to descent, that reached significant level. The inflection point is 15 ml/pot ( A3).(2) In the same nitrogen condition, the biogas slurry-based fertilizer has better impacts on the biomass and nitrate of pakchoi than the inorganic compound fertilizers. Pakchoi in dry weight, compared with inorganic compound fertilizer, the biogas slurry-based fertilizer application of biogas slurry can be increased by 5.82% ~ 10.67% . Pakchoi in fresh weight, compared with inorganic fertilizer, the biogas slurry-based fertilizer application of biogas slurry can be increased by 3.61%~10.81%. Pakchoi root dry weight, root dry weight increased to 12.57% ~ 22.90%. The root shoot ratio, the ratio of up to 0.104, ensuring its root system growth, thereby ensuring good plant growth.(3) The biogas slurry-based fertilizer can improve the quality of rapeseed, reduce the residues of harmful substances. In nitrogen condition, compared with inorganic fertilizer, can make the nitrate content decreased from 38.85% to 52.97%, with high content of Vc was 41.88 mg/kg, reducing sugar content was increased by 6.81% ~ 21.32%.(4) The biogas slurry-based fertilizer on pakchoi growth period effect of soil physic chemical properties. The biogas slurry-based fertilizer on the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is increased, The highest content is 1.44 g/kg, compared with inorganic compound fertilizer, application of biogas slurry fertilizer treatment were increased by 6.72%, 9.30% and 19.63%. So helps regulate the soil pH value, EC value, reduce the residual amount of nitrate. So that the biogas slurry-based fertilizer on the soil, good improvement effect. (5) The biogas slurry-based fertilizer can improve the absorption of nutrient content of pakchoi, and compared with inorganic compound fertilizer, to total N, total P, total K uptake. The biogas slurry-based fertilizer treatment were increased by 29.68%, 8.97% and 15.06%, and then improve the nitrogen utilization rate, making it up to a maximum of 59.90%, reduces the nitrogen residue in soil.更多还原