【作者】 邱姗姗；

【导师】 胡正水；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 材料物理化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 海上溢油对海洋系统、渔业、旅游业等都造成严重的影响。用吸油材料处理油污是最经济、有效的方法之一,但是目前所用吸油材料吸油倍率较低、油水选择性较差,所以开发研究新型高效吸油材料尤为重要。本文中以废旧聚苯乙烯材料为原料,采用静电纺丝工艺制备了高吸油的聚苯乙烯基吸油材料,用透射电镜、扫描电镜和光学显微镜等对材料进行了表征;探索了纺丝液浓度、纺丝高度等参数对纺丝工艺的影响;测定了所得材料的吸油性能;探索了聚苯乙烯基纤维类吸油材料的吸油机理。本论文的主要内容归纳如下:1、用废旧发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)包装盒为原料,采用静电纺丝工艺制备了高吸油的EPS吸油材料。纺丝的最佳工艺参数为纺丝液浓度C=30%(w/v),纺丝高度H=15cm,温度T:~20℃,空气相对湿度h:~50%,电压V:9~15Kv;制备的EPS材料对原油、机油、乙二醇、花生油和柴油等油品/试剂的吸油倍率分别能达到137 g/g,195 g/g,183 g/g,150 g/g和84 g/g;制备的EPS材料具有良好的疏水亲油性和良好的浮力性能;纺丝液的浓度影响纺丝效率和所得材料的吸油性能;纺丝高度H影响纺丝效率,但是对电纺所得纤维材料的吸油性能影响较小。2、以聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒为原料,用静电纺丝法制备了PVC/PS混纺纤维材料。纺丝的最佳工艺参数为纺丝液浓度C=30%(w/v),PVC/PS的质量比为1:9,纺丝高度H=15cm,温度T:~20℃,空气相对湿度h:~50%,电压V:25~30Kv;纺丝液中PVC/PS的质量比影响纺丝结果;当PVC/PS的质量比为1:9时,电纺所得材料对机油、乙二醇、花生油和柴油的最大吸油倍率分别为146g/g,81g/g, 119g/g和38g/g;制备的PVC/PS材料具有良好的浮力性能。3、以废旧聚苯乙烯板为原材料,采用静电纺丝工艺制备了PS纤维类材料。纺丝的最佳工艺参数为纺丝液浓度C=35%(w/v),纺丝高度H=20cm,温度T:~20℃,空气相对湿度h:~50%,电压V:14~20Kv;制备的PS样品对机油、乙二醇、花生油和柴油的最大吸油倍率分别为124g/g,98g/g,105g/g和48g/g;电纺所得PS材料的油水选择性良好;纺丝液的浓度会影响纺丝效率和所得纤维材料的吸油性能;纺丝高度H影响纺丝效率,但纺丝所得纤维材料的吸油性能影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine oil spills seriously affect marine systems, fishing, tourism industry and so on. One of the most economical and efficient methods for the removal of oil from waters is oil sorption by sorbents. Currently, oil sorbents show low oil adsorption capacities and high water pickup, so it is urgent to explore new strategies for design and fabrication of promising oil sorbent candidates.In this paper, polystyrene-based sorbents were prepared by electrospinning process, using waste expanded polystyrene packing boxes and polystyrene plates as raw materials. The sorbents were characterized by TEM, SEM and OM. The influences of solution concentration and spinning height for electrospinning peocess were researched. The absorption properties of the sorbents were tested. The absorption mechanism of polystyrene-based sorbents was also studied. The results and conclusions are as followed:1. EPS sorbents were prepared by electrospinning process using waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) packing boxes as raw material. Optimal process parameters were solution concentration 30% (w/v), spinning height 15 cm, temperature about 20℃, relative humidity about 50%, and voltage 9~15Kv. The sorption capacities of the EPS sorbents for crude oil, motor oil, ethylene glycol, peanut oil, and diesel were 137 g/g,195 g/g,183 g/g,150 g/g and 84 g/g, respectively. The EPS sorbents showed good hydrophobicity, oleophilicity and excellent buoyancy. Spinning solution concentration affected the efficiency of electrospinng, and the absorption performance of the EPS sorbents. Spinning height affected the efficiency of electrospinning, but did not influence the absorption performance of the EPS sorbents.2. PVC/PS sorbents were prepared by electrospinning process using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) particles as raw materials. Optimal process parameters were solution concentration 30% (w/v), the mass ratio of PVC/PS 1:9, spinning height 15 cm, temperature about 20℃, relative humidity about 50%, and voltage 25~30Kv. The mass ratio of PVC/PS affected the absorption properties of the PVC/PS sorbents. When the mass ratio was 1:9, the sorption capacities of PVC/PS sorbent for motor oil, ethylene glycol, peanut oil, and diesel were 146g/g, 81g/g, 119g/g, and 38g/g, respectively. The PVC/PS sorbents showed good buoyancy.3. PS sorbents were prepared by electrospinning process using waste polystyrene (PS) plates as raw material. Optimal process parameters were solution concentration 35% (w/v), spinning height 20 cm, temperature about 20℃, relative humidity about 50%, and voltage 14~20Kv. The sorption capacities of PS sorbent for motor oil, ethylene glycol, peanut oil, and diesel were 124g/g, 98g/g, 105g/g and 48g/g, respectively. The PS sorbent showed low water pickup and high oil sorption capacity. Spinning solution concentration and spinning height both affected electrospinning efficiency.更多还原