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空冷型质子交换膜燃料电池动态特性控制与性能测试研究
【作者】 陈雪娇；
【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2012， 硕士
【摘要】 质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)正跻身成为当今最有发展潜力的一种新能源开发技术,拥有着高效、清洁、安全等优点。关于PEMFC系统动态电特性的探究不论是对电池的结构优化还是现实运用,都起到至关重要的作用。在负载电流、反应气体量或者环境温度改变的情形下,用来衡量整个控制系统特性的主要指标是PEMFC的外电路电压的快速响应与稳态无误差。另外控制系统不仅要确保PEMFC电堆中工作温度达到最佳,而且应该避免在运行条件突变时系统出现的电压降,否则对电池的工作效率与使用期限都有影响。所以必须寻找到一种适当的控制方案来保证PEMFC系统运作稳定、可靠。本文主要完成工作如下所示：(1)介绍论文的背景来源、应用发展等,同时对电池、电堆模型、控制算法与PEMFC测控系统的研究现状进行了简要介绍。(2)首先,基于电堆内的能量守恒定律与热量分布状况、电化学理论和电压动态特性等,分别搭建了PEMFC系统的温度和电压动态模型。集成这两个单独的模型,获得一个更完备的动态模型。最终在MATLAB/Simulink环境中仿真与实现此模型,将仿真结果与实验数据比较,结果表明所建模型能够很好反映实际PEMFC的工作情况。(3)从以上的模型中获取相关输入输出量间的关系,并设计了基于改进的广义预测控制(MGPC)算法的PEMFC温度控制系统与输出电压控制系统,确保电池有高输出效率的同时,电特性能快速响应和稳定变化。仿真结果指出该控制系统可以发挥较理想的控制效果。(4)说明PEMFC测控系统的框架结构,另外补充了对电磁阀的开断时间控制。实施相关的PEMFC的输出性能的测试和分析,获取V-I、P-I的动态变化曲线。
【Abstract】 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) now is a new energy technology which has the most potential for development. It has many advantages, such as efficient, clean and safe.The study for dynamic electrical characteristics of PEMFC system plays a vital role on cell design optimization and practical application. When the load current, the quantity of response gas or ambient temperature changes, it is a key indicator to measure the performance of the entire control system that output voltage of PEMFC can respond rapidly without any steady-state errors. What’s more, the stack temperature of PEMFC should be controlled in an optimum point. And voltage drop must be avoided once the operating conditions change suddenly. Otherwise the operating efficient and service life of the cell will be affected. So it is essential to find out a suitable control way to make PEMFC system run steady and reliably. The main work done of this paper is summarized as follows:(1)Introduce background sources and application development of the fuel cell firstly. Then briefly explain the research status and development trend of the cell, stack model, control algorithm and PEMFC measurement and control system.(2)Firstly, under energy conservation, heat distribution, electrochemical theory and voltage dynamic characteristics inside the stack, a temperature model and a voltage model of the fuel cell stack were separately developed. Integrate the two separate models to form a more complete dynamic model. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink software was used to develop and emulate the model. By referring to the experimental data, the simulation result indicates that the models can well reflect the actual working conditions of PEMFC system.(3)Acquire the relationship between the corresponding input and output from the above model. Then based on a modified generalized predictive control algorithm (MGPC), predictive control schemes of PEMFC temperature and voltage were proposed in this paper. Ensure that the cell has a high output efficiency and the electrical characteristics can fast response and stability changes. The simulation result indicates that the control system can deliver idealer effects.(4) Expound the framework of the PEMFC measurement and control system in turn. Besides, the control of electromagnetic valve opening and closing time was supplemented. Implemented testing and analysis of the PEMFC output performance, and the V-I and P-I dynamic curves were obtained.