【作者】 陈文超；

【导师】 陈少松；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 兵器发射理论与技术， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在弹箭设计的初级阶段和末期靶场试验中,都需要对弹箭的气动外弹道性能进行快速测算,对所设计弹箭进行快速选型或对其落点进行预先估算。为实现这两个目的,进行了弹箭气动力性能工程算法的研究与计算,并对某型号榴弹进行了气动力外弹道综合性能优化设计。在全弹道上飞行的轴对称旋成体弹丸,会以亚、跨、超音速等不同速度和不同姿态在相应海拔高度的气象条件下运动,为此采用部件组合法将弹丸拆分为前体(头部和圆柱部)和后体(尾部和底部),并分别在亚、跨、超音速下对各组成部件的气动力参数工程计算方法进行了深入研究,精选出了一整套可用于弹箭全弹道气动性能工程估算的方法；建立了5D弹道模型,并采用龙格-库塔法对微元方程组进行求解；完成理论分析后,采用模块化语言Fortran95将气动力计算和外弹道求解两部分内容程序化；应用所编制的程序对某型号榴弹进行计算,并与试验结果进行对比,通过各马赫数、攻角下气动参数的数据对比证明该程序的精度较好,完全满足精度要求；在此基础上,应用该程序对某型号榴弹进行了气动外弹道多目标综合优化设计,优化目标参数包括头部母线线形、长细比和初始弹重。通过优化设计,某型号榴弹增程率达到17.35%,效果明显。经验证,本程序可应用于0.0Ma～3.5Ma内的轴对称旋成体弹箭的气动外弹道计算,精度较好,能够用于弹箭设计初级阶段快速选型和靶场实验阶段快速预估弹丸落点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the initial stage and final range test of the design of Projectiles, it had to calculate the aerodynamics and ballistic performance of the projectiles rapidly to get the better shape or the droppoint of projectile. To achieve both of the purposes, we studied on research and calculation of algorithm and made a optimal design for certain type of grenade.Axisymmetric projectiles flying in the while trajectory moves in respective elevations meteorological conditions, with different speeds (for instance, subsonic, transonic or supersonic) and different angles. Thus we should consider the influence of weather conditions. We split the projectile into fore part (the head and Cylinder part) and after part (tail and base part) in component combination method, then we studied the Engineering Methods in different speeds of every part of the projectile, at last we picked out a selective series of methods to calculate the aerodynamics of projectiles. We built 5D ballistic model, and tried to solve that differential equations with runge-kutta method. After that theory analysis works, we developed that two parts into genneral progress in Fortran95 which could be applied to projectiles to predict lift, drag, pitching moment, and center of pressure over the Mach number range,0.0<Ma<3.5. Then we calculated the aerodynamics of a certain type of grenade and contrasted the result with the experimental data in different speeds and different Angles of attack. It’s proved that program was accurate enough to replace that of wind tunnel test. At last, we designed a optimal type of grenade in aerodynamics and ballistic performance with that program, optimization goal parameters included the shape of head, slenderness ratio and initial weight of the projectile.In the optimal design, the range of a certain type of grenade increased to a significant 17.53%. This program was verified to be appliable to projectiles to accurately predict aerodynamics and ballistic performance over the Mach number range,0.0<Ma<3.5. It could be used to select a better shape or get the droppoint of projectile rapidly.更多还原