【作者】 朱英中；

【导师】 解立峰；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 安全柴油是指能够有效减小着火爆炸危险性的新型抑爆燃料。在军事、消防、交通运输等方面具有十分重要的作用。本文从实验探索的角度出发,依据燃料燃爆研究指导配方设计的思想,在大型立式激波管内及无约束实验条件下,系统研究了柴油燃料及安全柴油的燃爆性能,为进一步开发安全柴油提供了技术基础。主要研究结论如下：(1)柴油燃料的最小点火能随当量比呈U型曲线关系,实验得到柴油-空气当量比为1.31时,柴油燃料具有最小点火能(0.16MJ/m2)。(2)在立式激波管内,0,41 MJ/m2的点火能量下,不同配方微乳化安全柴油爆燃压力较柴油燃料下降了1.38-11.43%；0.56 MJ/m2的点火能量下,不同配方微乳化安全柴油爆燃压力最多下降2.29%；表明在约束条件下安全柴油具有较好的爆燃性能。(3)在无约束实验条件下,研究表明柴油燃料爆炸可划分为爆炸火球与池火燃烧两个阶段,抑制爆炸火球及池火的自熄灭是安全柴油需要实现的两个主要目标；在柴油基燃料中添加抗抛撒剂及加水微乳化是实现这两个目标的主要手段。(4)应用红外热成像和高速录像系统对柴油燃料及安全柴油的爆炸火球和爆炸过程进行了实验研究；与柴油燃料相比,微乳化安全柴油FRD-3的爆炸火球高温区持续时间缩短了62.8%,抗抛撒安全柴油FRD-4火球面积减小了86.4%,火球没有形成高温区；抗抛撒安全柴油具有良好的抑爆效果。(5)基于实验研究与分析,安全柴油的抑爆性能可用其爆炸火球表面最高温度、高温区持续时间、火球最大面积及池火自熄灭能力等四个参数来表征。(6)吸热降温作用是微乳化安全柴油抑爆作用的主要原因,而抗抛撒安全柴油实现抑爆效果主要是由于燃料黏度的增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Safety diesel is a new type fuel which can effectively reduce the risk of fire and explosion, and it plays an important role in military, fire control, transportation and so on. Based on the research of experiments, and according to the explosion test guiding formula design, the explosion characteristics of diesel fuel and safety diesel were studied in shock tube and in the infinite filed. The research was useful to form the technical basis in order to develop safety diesel. The major achievements are as follows:(1) The minimum ignition energy of diesel fuel varies with fuel-air ratio in a U-curve relationship; the minimum ignition energy of diesel fuel was 0.16MJ/m2 when the fuel-air ratio was 1.31.(2) Compared with the deflagration pressure of diesel fuel in the shock tube when the ignition energy was 0.41MJ/m2, deflagration pressure of different water content micro-emulsified safety diesel decreased by 1.38～11.43%, and decreased by 2.29% at most with the 0.56 MJ/m2 ignition energy. The results indicated that safety diesel have satisfactory deflagration performance under the constraint conditions.(3) The explosion tests of diesel fuel in the infinite field showed that there were two steps of this process:fireballs and pool fire. Suppression of fireballs and self-extinguished were proved to be the main aims of safety diesel. In order to achieve these aims, two technical means were choosed.one is micro-emulsified technology, and another is anti-dispersing additive.(4) The explosion process and fireballs of diesel fuel and safety diesel were studied by the Thermal Imager and the High-Speed camera system. The high temperature duration of FRD-3 was shortened 62.8%, and the maximum area of fireballs of FRD-4 decrease by 86.4%, and no high temperature duration compared with diesel fuel in the same experimental conditions. FRD-3 was a kind of micro-emulsified safety diesel, and FRD-4 was anti-dispersing safety diesel. The anti-dispersing safety diesel had more excellent performance in explosion suppression.(5) On the basis of experiment and analysis, Explosion suppression performance of safety diesel could be characterized by the maximum surface temperature, high temperature duration, maximum area of fireballs and self-extinguished ability.(6) The explosion suppression process of micro emulsified and anti-dispersing safety diesel was analyzed, and heat-absorbing of water was considered as the major reason which micro emulsified safety diesel could be self-extinguished, But anti-dispersing safety diesel can reduce the risk of fire and explosion come from the increase of fuel viscosity.更多还原