【作者】 鲁佳；

【导师】 吴广海；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 民商法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 基因技术作为现代科学技术领域中的核心技术,不仅在医学、能源、环境等诸多领域中产生了重要的影响和作用,造福于人类,同时也促进了经济社会的全面发展,因此,切实有效地对基因技术给予保护是尤为重要的。专利制度是对科学技术最为有效的保护手段,但由于基因技术本身的特殊性质,使得基因技术的可专利性问题在法学界以及社会各界都产生了激烈的争论。在诸多争论中,争议的焦点则集中在基因技术的本质属性是“发明”还是“发现”,单纯的基因序列无疑是客观存在,属于科学发现,但经过分离、提纯而改变了其原来的存在形式和内部结构,具有新颖性,创造性以及实用性,其就应当被视为是一种“技术发明”而应当授予其专利权。判断某项基因技术可否被授予专利权的核心标准应放在专利授权的“三性”条件上。在科学研究、公共卫生、医药管理等领域,基因技术专利的行使应当受到限制,而其中强制许可制度是解决基因技术专利权被滥用问题的最为有效的手段。我国应当依据国情,适当借鉴国外先进的立法经验,在对基因技术授予专利权时,不再将判断的焦点落在“发明”与“发现”的界限区分上,严格基因技术专利的审查标准,扩大并完善专利法保护范围,弥补我国在专利立法上对动植物新品种保护的缺失,将符合专利“三性”授权条件的动植物新品种通过专利法给予其保护,建立并完善基因技术专利的强制许可制度,通过专利制度平衡个人利益与社会公共利益,切实有效的保护基因技术资源,强化基因技术的专利保护,进而丰富和完善我国的知识产权保护体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a core technology in modern science, genetic technology has significant influences on a variety of fields such as medicine, energy and environment and benefits human beings of the society. Meanwhile, genetic technology also enhances economic and social developments. Therefore, protecting genetic technology effectively is particularly important. Patent system is the most effective means of protection for genetic technology, however, there has been a heated debate on the patentability of genetic technology issues in law circles and social communities because of the special nature of genetic technology itself. Among the debate, the focus is on whether genetic technology is an ’invention’ or a ’discovery’. On the one hand, simple sequence is undoubtedly objective reality, which belongs to the field of ’discovery’. On the other hand, genetic technology, as original, creative and practical ’scientific discovery’ after separation, purification and tranformation in the gene’s form and internal structure, can be equivalent to the field of ’invention’ and should be granted the patent. Determining whether genetic technology can be awarded a patent is on the core standards of conditions of ’three attributes’. In scientific research, public health, medical adminitration and other areas, the exercise of gene patents should be limited, among which compulsory licensing system is the most effective way to resolve the abuse of gene technology patents. Accordingly, our country, based on our national conditions and utilized the advanced legislation experience of foreign countries properly in the technology of gene patenting, should not only avoid focusing on the distinctive boundaries of ’discovery’ and ’invention’, formulate stricter audit standard of gene patents, expand and improve the scope of protection of patent law, but also enact patent laws to make up for the lack of protection of new varieties of eligible plants and animals, establish the genetic system of compulsory licensing of patents to protect the genetic technology by means of patent system on the balance of individual interests and social public benefits, and strengthen patent protection of gene technology in order to enrich and improve China’s intellectual property protection system.更多还原