【作者】 刘程毅；

【导师】 沈志成；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 烟嘧磺隆(Nicosulfuron)是一种超高效、广谱的磺酰脲类除草剂,大量用于玉米田苗后的杂草防治。对于玉米田中发生的多数一年生禾本科杂草、部分阔叶杂草及部分莎草科杂草具有较好的防治效果。烟嘧磺隆易被植物的根、叶吸收,在木质部和韧皮部传导,其作用靶标是乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthetase, ALS),而ALS是植物合成支链氨基酸撷氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸的一个关键酶,由于ALS的活性严重受到抑制,导致缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸缺乏,影响植物细胞的有丝分裂,从而导致植物死亡。我国于20世纪90年代初期开始推广烟嘧磺隆,由于其除草效果突出、可混性强、用量低等优点而广受欢迎。本论文通过生物信息学技术,从玉米自交系B73基因组中选择了5个可能参与烟嘧磺隆降解的基因。其中一个基因导入到水稻以后使水稻获得了抗烟嘧磺隆的能力。这个基因被命名为253。转基因抗烟嘧磺隆水稻的抗性通过在大田六块田间区域内,以40mL/m2的使用量分别喷施80mg/L、160mg/L、320mg/L、480mg/L、640mg/L浓度的烟嘧磺隆和清水对照获得。结果表明253基因水稻植株在正常的玉米田内烟嘧磺隆除草剂使用浓度(80mg/L)下生长不受影响,部分转基因株系对烟嘧磺隆的抗性水平甚至可以达到640mg/L,大大超过了田间杂草防治的使用浓度。本研究获得的转基因水稻可以在苗后利用烟嘧磺隆防治杂草。烟嘧磺隆杀草效果好、成本低,因此本研究获得的转基因水稻具有重要应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nicosulfuron is sulfonylurea herbicide. It is an ultra-efficient, broad-spectrum postemergence corn herbicide, and widely used for control of annual grass weeds, broadleaf weeds and some Cyperaceae in Maize fields. Nicosulfuron can be easily absorbed in plant roots, leaves, and is transported in the xylem and phloem. Nicosulfuron is an inhibitor of acetolactare synthase(ALS), which is a key Enzyme for the biosynthesis of all the branched-chain amino acid, valine, isoleucine, and leucine. Nicosulfuron is a widely used herbicide since the early 90’s.Five possible P450 genes were selected by bioinformatic analysis of the genomic sequences of the maize inbred line B73. All the 5 genes were transformed into rice by Agribacterium-medicated transformation. The transformed rice events from one gene, name 253, were found to be tolerant to nicosulfuron. From field trials of nicosulfuron, showed that all 253 transgenic rice events can grow well within the normal nicrosulfuron herbicide use concentration(80mg/L) of com, part of the transgenic rice events of nicosulfuron resistance level can reach 640mg/L.This study created nicosulfuron tolerant transgenic rice. We believe these transgenic rice could be utilized for weed control mangerment for rice field.更多还原