【作者】 尹晓彬；

【导师】 沈本贤； 李继炳；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 化学工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着石油资源需求的不断增长和开采力度的加大,国内外原油重质化、劣质化趋势初现,原油加工难度增大。炼油业迫切希望能够提高原油预处理的水平,能够有效地解决原油预处理过程中的难题。本文以绥中原油和鲁宁管输原油两种原油为研究对象,开展了原油电脱盐脱水技术研究。首先针对两种油品的不同性质进行破乳剂的初评,得到合适的破乳剂；再结合温度、破乳剂及其用量、混合强度、注水量、电场强度等因素对原油进行了电脱盐工艺条件的静态评价试验,确定了优化的工艺条件。对于绥中原油,最佳的工艺条件为：破乳剂HJ99101型,破乳剂注入量30ppm,注水量6%,温度135℃,电场强度1000V/cm,混合强度为手动振荡次数90次,脱后原油含盐2.3mg/L,含水0.21%；对于鲁宁管输原油,最佳的工艺条件为：破乳剂MJ1083型,破乳剂注入量30ppm,注水量5%,温度130℃,电场强度1000V/cm,混合强度为手动振荡150次,原油脱后含盐2.7mg/L,含水0.18%。在电脱盐静态评价试验的基础上,进一步开展电脱盐动态研究,确定动态电脱盐的优化的工艺条件。100倍显微照片分析结果表明,经动态电脱盐装置处理后原油含水明显减少,大水滴基本达到完全脱除,达到了脱盐脱水的效果,水珠斑点直径约在10～20μm左右。最后在工业装置上考察了两种原油的脱盐和脱水效果,工业试验结果表明：绥中原油经过三级电脱盐装置后,脱后原油平均含盐量2.43mg/L,平均含水量0.2%；二级电脱盐脱后原油平均含盐量2.65mg/L,平均含水量0.24%；鲁宁管输原油经过二级电脱盐装置后,脱后原油平均含盐量2.5mg/L,平均含水量0.13%,两种原油均符合中石化要求的脱后原油含盐小于3mg/L,含水小于0.3%的技术要求指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing demand of petroleum resources and exploitation strength increase, domestic and international crude oil supply presents a heavy, bad trend, processing difficulty, Refining industry is eager to hope that crude oil pretreatment levels can have the new breakthrough and promotion in order to effectively solve the problems in the process of crude oil pretreatment.In this paper, the experiments were designed to carry out the research on the desalting and dehydration of Suizhong crude oil and Luning pipe-conveying crude oil. First, screening demulsifier is studied according to the different characteristics of two kinds of crude oil, and carried out a evaluation test of static electric desalting process conditions combined with temperature, demulsifier and its dosage, mixing intensity, water injection rate, electric field intensity and other factors, then got the optimal process condition. For SuiZhong crude oil, the result showed that the salt content in the desalted crude oil is 2.3 mg/L and the water content is 0.21% under the conditions of 30 ppm dosage of demulsifier,6% water injection rate,135℃temperature, mixed strength for manual oscillation frequency is 90 times and 1000 V/cm electric field strength. For Luning pipe-conveying crude oil, the result showed that the salt content in the desalted crude oil is 2.7 mg/L and the water content is 0.18% under the conditions of 30 ppm dosage of demulsifier,5% water injection rate,130℃temperature, mixed strength for manual oscillation frequency is 150 times and 1000 V/cm electric field strength.On the basis of evaluation test of static electric desalting unit, the dynamic simulation test of electric desalting unit is studied and then get the optimal process conditions. One hundred times magnification micrograph results show that the water content decreased significantly after treatment of dynamic electric desalting unit, large droplets almost completely removed, reached the desalting and dewatering effect, water spot diameter in about 10～20μm. Finally the desalting and dewatering effect of two kinds of crude oil are studied in the industrial test unit, the industrial test results showed after the removal of three-stage electric desalting unit of Suizhong crude oil the average salt content is 2.43 mg/L, the average water content is 0.2%; and the average salt content is 2.65 mg/L, the average water content is 0.24% after the removal of two-stage electric desalting unit; After the removal of two-stage electric desalting unit of Luning pipe-conveying crude oil the average salt content is 2.5 mg/L, the average water content is 0.13%. Industrial test results both showed that the salt content of processed crude oil is less than 3 mg/L, the water content of processed crude oil is less than 0.3%, fully meet the prescribed requirement of Sinopec.更多还原