【作者】 田艳敏；

【导师】 范爱军；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 自由贸易和保护贸易是贸易政策的两种基本类型,两者的争论始终伴随着国际贸易的发展。古典经济学家认为实行自由贸易可以为世界各国带来利益的最大化,但是,从重商主义的贸易差额论到李斯特的保护幼稚工业论,到凯恩斯的超保护贸易论,普莱维什的保护贸易新论,再到最近兴起的战略性贸易政策理论,最佳关税理论等,都为一国实施贸易保护提供了理论依据；当前经济危机的新背景下的贸易保护是各国国内利益集团相互斗争及国家问博弈的最终结果。对中国来说,改革开放以来的经济成就已经充分说明自由贸易给我国经济发展带来的巨大好处,坚持自由贸易应该成为我国对外贸易的基本方向。但伴随着贸易大国地位的确立,我国的对外贸易已遭受到国际贸易保护的巨大影响,外贸额出现下降,所以,从国家利益角度考虑,我们又必须实行一定程度的保护,在这方面有日本、韩国等的成功经验可以借鉴,应对贸易保护应以政府为主导,对内扩大内需,转变经济发展模式,优化出口结构,建立适应我国经济现状、符合相关贸易规则的、适度的贸易保护体系,积极构建主动防范的预警机制；作为经济主体,企业也应一方面苦练内功：加大科技投入,实施清洁生产,树立自主品牌,培养国际化人才；另一方面,对外通过“走出去”“多元化”战略,利用国际规则,维护我国企业的利益,积极应对贸易摩擦。更多还原

【Abstract】 Free trade and protective trade are two basic types of trade policy, the debate between the two is always accompanied by the development of international trade. Classical economists believe that free trade can maximize the benefits of the world, but severely mercantilist theory of balance of trade to Friedrich List’s theory of infant industry protection, to the ultra-protectionist Keynes, to Roal Prebish’s protection of the new trade theory, to the recent rise of strategic trade policy theory, the best tariff theory, all these provide theoretical basis for a country to select trade protection; the current trade protection in the new context of economic crisis, we can say, is the result of the struggle between interest groups within countries and the end result of the game between countries.For China, the development and achievements in economy after the reform and opening has fully demonstrated the great benefits of free trade, insisting on free trade should be the basic direction of China’s foreign trade. But with the establishment of the status of China’s trading nation, China’s foreign trade has suffered a huge impact on international trade protection, our foreign trade declined, so, from a national interest point of view, we must implement a certain degree of protection in this. Japan, South Korea’s successful experience can be learned, To deal with trade protection, we should be guided by the government, expand domestic demand, changes in the economic development model, optimize export structure and establishing the status quo of China’s economy, in line with trade rules to the relevant and appropriatetrade protection system, and actively take the initiative to prevent the building of early warning mechanisms; as economic entities, the enterprises should be on one hand increasing investments in technology, implementing cleaner production, establishing their own brands to develop international talent; on the other hand, by "going out" and "diversity", using of international rules to safeguard the interests of China’s enterprises and actively dealing with trade friction.更多还原