【作者】 唐永云；

【导师】 臧渝梨；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 护理学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 目的(1)描述青少年心理亚健康状况以及青春期分期、青春期知信行和家庭关怀度状况；(2)探讨青少年心理亚健康状况与青春期分期、青春期知信行和家庭关怀状况的相关性；(3)探讨青春期生理发育、家庭关怀度与青春期知信行的关系；(4)进行青少年亚健康多维评定问卷的实证效度研究。对象与方法采用描述性相关性研究方法,于2011年4-6月份采用“青少年身心社会发展的调查问卷”对山东省10-19岁青少年4031名进行调查。应用青春期发育评估量表评估青少年躯体发育和青春期分期状况,应用家庭关怀度指数量表评估青少年家庭关怀状况,应用青春期知信行量表评估青少年与青春期相关的知识、态度和行为状况,应用长处和困难量表和青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(心理部分)测评青少年的心理状况,进行生理量表、心理量表、心理相关因素量表结果的描述,进行量表结果间的相关分析,进行青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(心理部分)的实效研究。数据采用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果1、随着年龄的增大,青少年躯体发育逐渐成熟,女孩青春期发育显著早于男孩；2、家庭关怀功能与青少年性别有关,但与青少年所处的青春期发育阶段无关；3、青春期知信行在性别间和青春期分期间有显著差异性,且与青春期分期间呈显著正相关；4、青春期知信行与青春期生理发育具有平行发展的趋势,二者随着青少年年龄增长,逐步成熟和完善；5、青春期知信行与家庭关怀度呈显著正相关,家庭关怀是青春期知信行成长的重要因素；6、青少年心理亚健康与家庭关怀度显著负相关；7、青少年心理亚健康与青春期知信行显著负相关；8、青少年心理亚健康与性别无关,但与青春期发育分期显著相关,随着青春期发育进展,心理状况趋向不良；9、青少年心理亚健康状况在父母婚姻状况、家庭收入、学习成绩、吸烟、饮酒、醉酒、疾病史、地市、级部和学校所在地等方面有显著差异；10、青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(心理部分)内部一致性良好,复测信度良好,与长处和困难问卷显著相关,显示量表本身结构及稳定性良好。两量表测评同一人群,结果趋势相同,但二者心理异常的检出率不同,维度方面各有长短。结论1、青少年躯体发育随年龄逐渐成熟,女孩青春期发育显著早于男孩。2、青春期知信行与青春期生理发育具有平行发展的趋势；青春期知信行与家庭关怀度显著相关。3、青少年心理状况受其青春期分期、家庭关怀、青春期知信行的显著影响。青少年心理状况随着青春期发育进展趋向不良,而随着家庭关怀度和青春期知信行的提高趋向良好。4、青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(心理部分)信效度良好,可以用于青少年的心理社会健康的评估,但结果应根据被调查人群年龄、地区、年级等不同,进行汇报和具体分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectiveTo describe adolescent development status of physiology and psychology, puberty stage, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of puberty (puberty-KAB) and status of family care; to explore the relationship between adolescent psychological sub-health and puberty stage, and the relationship between puberty-KAB and family care; to discuss the relationship among puberty development, family care degree and puberty-KAB and to evaluate the empirical validity of Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA).Subjects & MethodsThe descriptive analysis and correlation analysis were applied in the survey. A survey titled The Status of Adolescent Physiological and Psychological Development was conducted to include 4031 adolescents aging from 10 to 19 years old from April to June in 2011. A range of different instruments were employed such as Puberty Development Scale, Puberty-KAB, Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) and so on. All the instruments were used to assess adolescent developmental status from physiology, psychology and related factors. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 Statistical methods. Results1. As the age increased, adolescents became more physiologically mature and the puberty development of girls was remarkable earlier than that of boys;2. There was a correlation between family care and adolescent gender while the correlation between family care and puberty stage was not found;3. The scores of puberty-KAB were significantly different in gender and puberty stage and positively correlated with puberty stage;4. Puberty-KAB had a parallel development with adolescent physiology and both became mature gradually with aging;5. Puberty-KAB was positively correlated with family care and family care was an important factor of puberty-KAB development;6. Adolescent psychological sub-health was negatively correlated with family care;7. Adolescent psychological sub-health was negatively correlated with puberty-KAB;8. Adolescent psychological sub-health was not significantly correlated with gender but correlated with puberty stage and with the development of puberty, the psychological status turned unhealthy;9. The scores of psychological sub-health were significantly different in parents marital status, family income, school performance, smoking, drinking, drunk, disease history, region, grade and location of school;10. The internal consistent reliability and test-retest reliability of MSQA-psychology were good, and the scores of MSQA-psychology were significantly correlated with that of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which demonstrated the structure and stability of MSQA-psychology were good. Both of the two questionnaires can be used to evaluate the same population group and presented the same trend, however, the identification rates of psychological disorders were different.Conclusions 1. As the age increased, adolescents became more physiologically mature and the puberty development of girls was remarkable earlier than that of boys;2. Puberty-KAB had a parallel development with adolescent physiology and Puberty-KAB was positively correlated with family care;3. Adolescent psychological status was impacted by puberty stage, family care and puberty-KAB; with the development of puberty, psychological status tended to be unhealthy while as family care and puberty-KAB increased, the psychological status became more healthy;4. MSQA-psychology had good reliability and validity and can be used to assess adolescent psychosocial health, but the results should be reported and analyzed depending on different age groups, regions and grades.更多还原