【作者】 梁岩；

【导师】 钱晓龙；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 控制工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着油价的日益高涨,页岩炼油受到了越来越多的关注。在页岩炼油行业里,基于ATP炉的工艺是世界先进的页岩炼油干馏工艺。其ATP炉控制效果的优劣直接影响页岩油的产量,而温度控制又是ATP炉控制系统中的关键环节,因此有必要对页岩炼油过程中ATP炉的温度控制进行深入的研究。本文以某页岩炼油厂的页岩炼油生产线为研究背景,阐述了ATP炉的结构组成和工作原理,消化研究了ATP炉的温度控制系统。并提出了ATP炉温度控制的难点：当进料率由于某些原因发生变化而导致ATP炉热负荷发生改变时,如何调节燃烧空气的补给率才能使ATP炉干馏区料床的温度保持在最佳的工艺温度。通过对ATP炉温度控制过程的分析得出：温度对象具有惯性、滞后的特征。同时由于在干馏过程中影响温度的因素比较复杂,很难用准确的数学模型对温度对象进行描述。为解决温度对象的特性对控制系统的影响,利用了内模控制结构简单、调整方针明确和抗干扰能力强的特点,采用了内模控制的方法设计ATP炉温度控制系统。为了克服对象与内部模型匹配之间存在的误差,在反馈回路中加入了滤波器。最后利用了与所研究的ATP炉相同的控制系统——罗克韦尔公司的ControlLogix系列PLC,搭建实验台进行了仿真研究。同时利用了ControlLogix调试软件自带的趋势图功能,将本文设计的温度控制系统与传统PID控制进行比较,分析了滤波参数对系统性能的影响以及系统的扰动响应曲线。仿真结果表明,内模控制结构对ATP炉温度控制系统这一大惯性、纯滞后的系统具有良好的控制性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the price of oil getting higher and higher, oil shale industry is received more and more concern. In the oil shale industry ATP is an advanced process. The output of shale oil is depended on the quality of control in ATP furnace especially the quality of temperature control. Therefore, it is necessary to research on temperature control of ATP furnace.The thesis takes shale oil refining production line in shale oil refining factory as the background, and expounds the structure composition and working principle of ATP furnace. In the paper it is analyzed for ATP furnace temperature control system in detail and then it is put forward the difficulty in controlling temperature of ATP furnace. Namely while thermal load is changed since the feed rate is changed for some reason and then how to control the combustion air flow rate in order to keep the temperature of retort zone in ATP furnace as the best process temperature. It can be concluded that the temperature object itself has inertia and delay features. However, as the factors that influence the temperature during the oil shale retorting are complex, it is difficult to describe the temperature object using precise mathematical model. To avoid the effects of characteristics of the temperature object on the control system, the internal model control approach is used to design ATP furnace temperature control system, combined with the characteristics of internal model control for instance simple structure, clear reorientation and strong anti-interference ability. In order to overcome the matching error between object and internal model, filter is added in the feedback loop.Finally, the author uses the ControlLogix PLC which is the same kind control system as ATP furnace to build an experimental model for a simulation study. Moreover, the temperature control system improved by this paper is compared with traditional PID control system by using trend function of ControlLogix programming and debugging software and also the effects of filter parameter on system performance and disturbance response curve of the system are analyzed. The emulation results show that internal model control structure has good performance for the temperature control system of ATP furnace with large inertia and pure lag.更多还原