【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 袁静波；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 Ad hoc网络中节点能量有限,如果某些节点由于能量耗尽而停止工作,很可能导致整个网络分裂。另外,Ad hoc网络拓扑结构动态变化,无线带宽有限,单径路由不但不能充分利用有限的带宽,而且在链路拥塞或断开时,重新寻路会造成网络的不稳定和较大时延。这就使得节能和多径路由成为Ad hoc网络路由协议研究的热点。本文主要研究了Ad hoc网络的能量均衡和多径路由协议。深入分析了Ad hoc网络中典型的路由协议AODV(Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing),设计并实现了基于AODV的能量均衡路由协议—EB_AODV(Energy-Balancing Routing Based on AODV)和节点不相交多径路由协议—NDM_AODV(Node-Disjoint Multi-path Routing Based on AODV)。首先,分析了现有的节能路由协议的优缺点,针对AODV协议没有考虑节能,本文对AODV协议进行了节能扩展,提出了一种旨在最大化网络生存时间的能量均衡路由算法(EB_AODV),该算法将节点剩余能量作为选路控制条件,通过避免低能量节点参与路由,实现了节点间的能耗均衡性；通过能量充足的节点延迟转发机制,实现了网络的能耗均衡性。其次,分析了现有的多径路由协议的优缺点,针对AODV协议采用单径路由方式的不足,对AODV协议进行了多径扩展,设计了一种节点不相交多径路由算法NDM_AODV,该算法充分结合了DSR(Dinamic Source Routing)协议的源路由思想,通过记载路由请求分组的传递路径,来获得多条节点不相交路由；同时控制请求报文的转发数量,减小了路由开销。最后,对EB_AODV和NDM AODV进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明,EB AODV协议有效的延长了网络生存时间,增加了分组投递率；NDM_AODV协议有效的减少了路由开销和时延,增加了投递率,它充分利用了Ad hoc网络有限的带宽资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of limited energy of nodes in Ad hoc networks, it is likely to lead to split the entire network if some nodes’energy has been depleted. Besides, with dynamic topology structure and limited bandwidth, some routing protocols based on single-path not only could not make full use of the bandwidth, but also lead to instability and bigger delay. So energy saving and multi-path routing become focus in researching routing protocols of Ad hoc networks.Energy-saving and multi-path routing protocols have been studied in this paper. AODV, which is a typical routing protocol in Ad hoc networks, has been analyzed embeddedly. Two protocols are proposed based on AODV, which are called as Energy-Balancing routing protocols based on AODV (EB_AODV) and Node-Disjoint multi-path routing protocols based on AODV (NDM_AODV).First of all, This paper analyzes advantages and disadvantages of current energy-saving protocols. for not considering energy-saving in AODV, This paper makes energy expansion on AODV. An energy-balancing routing protocol has been proposed. By avoiding the low-energy nodes being involved in routing, energy-balancing between nodes has been realized; By delaying transmition mechanism of nodes with enough energy, energy-balancing of the whole network has been realized.Secondly, This paper analyzes advantages and disadvantages of current multi-path routing protocols. For having disadvantages of AODV, which uses single-path. This paper makes multi-path expansion on AODV. An node-disjoint multi-path routing protocol has been proposed, this protocol has made full use of the idea of source routing of DSR(Dynamic Source Routing)protocol, it records the path of request message to find many node-disjoint paths, and records the number of request messages to reduce load simultaneously.Finally, two protocols are simulated in NS2. The simulation results show that EB_AODV has extended the survival time of network efficiently, and NDM_AODV has made full use of bandwidth, and improve the performance of Ad hoc network efficiently.更多还原