【作者】 黄乐营；

【导师】 包国光；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 天然自然向人工自然的转化过程是人类进步的重要体现,这其中技术是一个重要的推动力。但是技术的发展,特别是现代技术的发展,在推动人工自然形成和进步,提高人们生活水平的同时,也给人类造成了诸多类型的风险,这些风险产生于技术的各个过程节点之中,对人类的日常生活乃至生存环境都造成了巨大的威胁,需要从技术哲学的角度对其进行根源分析,提出规避和克服风险的建议。本文首先以人工自然论、技术过程论和风险的相关理论为基础,分析了天然自然向人工自然转化过程当中的风险本质、根源和类型,探讨各种类型风险的成因,并对于实践过程中常见的10种风险类型进行归类。然后,从技术哲学理论和人工自然理论的角度探讨规避和克服各类风险的理论基础和主要手段,对常见的风险类型提出相关应对对策。在三类风险的分析中,分别以汶川地震、非典和甲型H1N1流感和金融危机为案例,分别阐述了三种风险的起因、表现、技术规避基础以及应对策略。本文认为,对于风险的规避和克服,要从技术本身做起,找到正确的风险根源节点,对症下药。同时还应该结合不同地区的实际情况,发掘宏观技术过程当中各个微观技术过程节点之间的联系,把握技术的动态性特征,将技术的社会性当作考量的重点,综合有效地进行技术评估和预测,实现对于风险的最优化应对。更多还原

【Abstract】 One manifestation of human progress is the transformation from nature to artificial nature, through which technology plays the important roles of driving force. However, the development of technology, especially the development of modern technology, brings all types of risks to human being as it pushes forward the formation and progress of artificial nature as well as promote the living conditions. These risks are derived from every steps of technological process and pose a threat to the daily life and living of human beings. Suggestions on how to avoid and overcome such risks and analyze its origin from the perspective of philosophy of technology is needed.Based on the theory of artificial nature, theory of technological process and relevant theories about risks, this paper focuses on the essence, origin and classification of risk during the transformation process from nature to artificial nature and analyzes them. The paper analyzes the origin of all risks have been illustrated and classifies ten common risks in practice. Further more, the paper explores the theoretical foundations and means which used to avoid and overcome risks from the perspective of theory of philosophy of technology and theory of artificial nature. In special, the solutions to different types of risks have been introduced. In the analysis of three kinds of risks, the analytical method, strategy and analytical process have been introduced taken the cases of Wenchuan earthquake, SARS, influenza A (H1N1) and global crisis of 2008.In addition, the origin and demonstration of risks as well as the basis and means for risks avoidance have also been discussed.This article holds that to avoid and overcome the risk, we should at first start from the technology itself, find the root causes of the risk and give the right solution. At the same time, we should also explore the links between micro-technology nodes on the process of macro-technology combined with the actual situation of different regions. The grasp of the dynamics characteristics of technology, the social attribute of technology, should be considered and paid attention to. In addition, comprehensive and effective technical assessment and forecast should be carried out, so to achieve optimally resolved of riskt.更多还原