【作者】 司媛媛；

【导师】 张以忱；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 流体机械及工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着真空冶金的发展,真空电弧炉正在向高效、大型化的方向发展,这些都导致电弧炉的尺寸不断加大,载荷和自身重量不断增加,尤其针对现阶段电弧炉容量的改造(如锭子质量由三吨到五吨),仅用原来的结构可能会造成机械结构的破坏,对真空炉进行力学分析是非常必要的。本文结合课题的研究现状,首先对课题的背景、研究意义、国内外发展现状进行了描述。然后对系统开发平台进行了简要介绍,主要包含有限元分析原理、有限元二次开发方法、可视化工具VB及真空自耗炉的基本介绍。结合沈阳真空技术研究所的VCF-3000自耗炉,对自耗炉中的炉体提升机构进行分析。结合实际模型,将实际受力模型简化为力学模型,针对主要承力部件(如立柱)进行受力分析,得到立柱应力最大部位及应力值。再针对实际设备对模型进行简化,建立有限元模型,将模型受力分析的应力云图与实际计算得到的数值进行对比,检验现有有限元模型的正确性。在现有有限元模型基础上,结合自耗炉结构设计时尺寸间的关系,将现有几何模型参数化,得到参数化的真空自耗电弧炉有限元模型。利用有限元分析中的优化模块,在模型满足强度、稳定性等条件的基础上,对立柱、炉体的半径和厚度进行优化,使得结构在满足强度要求的前提下达到质量最轻、充分发挥材料性能的目的。同时将可视化语言VB运用于调用ANSYS中,设计者只需通过界面输入几何设计参数,就能得到优化后的分析结果,使难懂的ANSYS分析更直观化。本文通过模拟计算,首先验证了所建立的有限元模型的正确性,通过建立的参数化模型,输入参数后,得到所设计的有限元模型。并对其进行受力分析及优化,优化后得到的结果云图与计算的应力分布趋势相同,进一步验证了参数化模型建立的正确,并查看优化后结构的应力值均在许用应力的范围内,验证了优化程序的正确,优化结果显示：优化后炉子总质量占优化前炉子总质量的67.5%。最后通过VB界面输入设计参数,结构会随设计参数的变化而发生改变,成功地调用了ANSYS运行,并直接在VB界面中看到计算结果。本文将ANSYS有限元参数化技术引入到真空自耗电弧炉结构的设计中,在设计系列化产品时,减少了重复建模的工作量。同时VB的应用降低一般设计人员应用现有有限元分析软件的难度,保证设计人员快速、准确的建立产品结构的有限元分析模型并得到可供参考的数据。通过对参数优化设计结果的分析,一方面可以直接为结构的设计提供理论依据,另一方而也为结构参数优化设计模型的建立提供重要的参考。该文采用的参数优化方法是结构优化设计理论方法的一个重要发展,将其运用到结构设计中具有重要的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the vacuum metallurgy, the vacuum arc furnace is developing towards the trend of high efficiency and large scale, which leads the dimensional rise of the furnace and the rise of the load. Especially in the reconstruction of capacity of the furnace (three to five tons of the spindle), the original structure may lead the damage of the mechanical structure. So it is necessary to carry on the mechanical analysis for the furnace.Combination of research subjects, the article firstly describes the background, the meaning and the development of the situation around domestic and abroad. And then introduce the development platform of the system briefly, which includes the main principles of finite element analysis, finite element method of secondary development, visualization tools for VB and basic introduction of Vacuum Self-Consuming Arc Furnace.Combined with the self-consumable Arc Furnace VCF-3000 of ShenYang Vacuum Technology Institute, analyze the lifting mechanism with Vacuum Self-Consumable Arc Furnace. Based on the actual model, the actual model is simplified to mechanical model, for load-bearing components (e.g. column) of the mechanical analysis, get the largest stress part and the stress value to column. Then simply the model and establish finite element model, compare the stress model cloud and the values calculated, Inspection of existing finite element model is correct.Based on the finite element model existed, combined with the relationship between the size of the geometry of the model parameters, make the existing geometry modeling become parameterized, and be the parameterized finite element model of vacuum self-consuming arc furnace. Use of the optimize module of finite element analysis, on the base of the model to meet the strength and stability conditions, optimized the radius and thickness of the column and the furnace, makes the structure of strength in meeting the requirements of the quality to achieve the minimum, give full play to the material performance. At the same time applies visual language VB in ANSYS, designers can enter geometric design parameters through the windows, and can get optimized result of the analysis, makes ANSYS analysis to understand more easily and more intuitive.This article apples the finite element parameterization method to the design of the furnace. we can reduce the repeated workload in the serialization design, At the same time, the application of VB reduce the trouble and workload of the non-professional designers; insure the rapid and exact model construction process to get a referenced result.By the analysis to the result of parameter optimization, we can offer the theoretical foundation to the structure. It also can offer a significant reference to the modeling of the parametric design model. The parametric optimization method in this article is an important development of the parametric design method. It can get a utility value in the physical design by using the method.更多还原