【作者】 李才华；

【导师】 杨虹琦； 靳志丽；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 施肥是烤烟栽培的关键技术之一。在特定的生态条件和品种下,烟叶产质量的高低在很大程度上取决于施肥是否合理。为探索在湖南新田的生态、气候、及土壤条件下最适宜的施肥技术,开展了不同施肥方法、施氮量和钾肥不同追施时期试验,试验结果表明：1.不同施肥方法试验：不同施肥方法对烤烟生育期无明显的影响,对团棵期以后烟株的生长影响较大,其中双层施肥法处理在团棵期以后优势逐渐呈现。在经济性状上,双层施肥法和“101”施肥法处理好于双侧条施肥法,以双层施肥法最优。双层施肥法和“101”施肥法处理的各种化学成分相对较为适宜,各化学成分协调性以双层施肥法处理较好,双侧条施肥法处理较差。在三种不同的施肥方法中,双层施肥法处理的综合表现最好。2.不同施氮量试验：在4个施氮水平中,随着亩施N量的增加,现蕾期及以后各生育期有推迟的趋势。各处理农艺性状在团棵期以施肥氮量9.5kg和11.5kg综合表现较好,从旺长期到圆顶期,各指标有随着施N量的增加而增大的趋势。随施N量增加,烟叶产量有增大趋势,施N量在9.5kg-10.5kg时,烟叶的均价、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例表现较好,其中亩施N量在9.5kg时表现最好。各化学成分也以亩施N量在9.5kg的处理相对较为协调。综合来看,以亩施N量9.5kg获得烟叶品质及种植效益相对较高。3.硫酸钾不同时期追施试验：硫酸钾不同时期追施对株高和叶片数的影响不明显,而对烟株叶面积有较大影响。在团棵期和现蕾期分次追施较在团棵期或者在现蕾期一次追施,烟叶叶面积要大。在团棵期和现蕾期分期分次追施的处理在均价和上中等烟比例上表现较好,同时亩产值也最高。现蕾期追施钾肥处理和在团棵期和现蕾期分期分次追施钾肥的处理化学成分相对较适宜,化学成分较协调。在三个不同处理中,提高烟叶的经济性状和烟叶品质以硫酸钾在团棵期和现蕾期分次追施效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fertilization is one of the key techniques of flue-cured tobacco cultivation. In the specific ecological conditions and variety, yield and quality of tobacco leaf height in largely depends on whether the reasonable fertilization. As the exploration in Hunan Xintian ecosystem, climate and soil conditions, the most suitable fertilization technology, carried out in different fertilization methods, different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer of Different Topdressing Stage test, the test results show that:1. Fertilization method:effect of different fertilizer application method on flue-cured tobacco growth period without obvious, significant impact on later growth of flue-cured, with double-layer fertilization treatment period advantages gradually rendered. On the economic characters, double-layer fertilization and "101" application method better than the dual side application method, double-layer application method best. Double-layer fertilization and "101" chemical ingredients of fertilization treatment is relatively more appropriate, coordination of various chemical constituents better by double fertilization process, bilateral fertilization treatment is poor. Three different methods of fertilization, comprehensive performance of double-layer fertilization treatment is best.2. Different nitrogen application:in 4 nitrogen levels, with mu N application amount increases, squaring stage and after the growth period has the tendency to postpone. The treatment of Agronomic Traits in the rosette stage to fertilization nitrogen 9.5kg and 11.5kg comprehensive performance is better, from growing into the dome, each index with the N application amount increases with the increase. With the application of N increased, the leaf yield increases, amount of N applied in 9.5kg-10.5kg, tobacco fold, classy smoke scale, the proportion of secondary smoke better performance, including mu amount of N applied in 9.5kg best performance. The chemical composition with mu amount of N applied in processing of 9.5kg relatively coordination. Comprehensive and, with Mu Shi N 9.5kg access to tobacco leaf quality and economic benefit of planting is relatively high.3. Different periods of topdressing potassium sulfate potassium sulfate test:different period dressing fertilizer on plant height and leaf number effect is not obvious, but for tobacco leaf area has bigger influence. In the rosette stage and bud stage dressing application is in the rosette stage or at squaring stage a topdressing, tobacco leaf to the area. In the rosette stage and bud stage the pHased dressing application processing in the fold and upper middle smoke scale better, at the same time, mu production value is the highest. Squaring stage topdressing potassium treatments and in the rosette stage and bud stage staging a potassium fertilizer treatment relatively suitable chemical composition, chemical composition of a coordination. In three different processing, improve the economic character and quality of tobacco leaf to potassium sulphate in the rosette stage and bud stage dressing application effect is best.更多还原