关于“口”的中日词汇比较研究

【作者】 王茹雪；

【导师】 林忠鹏；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 日语语言文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 “口”作为基本词汇在中日两国都是经常被使用的。在中日两国,研究对比关于身体词汇的惯用句时,把有关“口”的惯用句作为研究的对象的并不少见。但是对“口”本身的意义变化进行研究的并不多见。因此,本论文打算首先从“口”的具体词义进行中日对比研究。主要从《汉语大辞典》和《日本国语大辞典》找出各种词义,进行对比分析。从分析结果可以看出日本文字受中国文字的影响很大。但是其中也能看出日语自身发展出来的,于汉语不同的地方。首先,“口”这一字的词义同中文的16种词义相同。但是,中文中的一部分词义由于受社会因素和国情的影响并没有传到日本。同时在历史发展中,日语借用中文中“口”的含义,从本意中引申出许多不同于中文意义的词义,词义的范围扩大了。因此我们看到了中日两国相同汉字却有不同词义的情况。其次,对“口”字作为量词的用法进行了对比。分析了中日两国用法和词义的异同。“口”字做量词是由名词“口”转换过去的。作为量词的“口”也随着名词口传入了日本。但是同样是数有口之物时,中日两国的量词“口”所能修饰的物品略有不同。物品的口占的比例关系影响了两国人对事物的不同认识。由此可见,人们对事物的认识影响了语言的发展。最后,在中文里,“口”字在很多情况下作为量词是不可以用常用量词更换的,它已经成为了中文中的基本量词。而在日语中“口”字虽然也作为量词来使用,但是日语中的量词“口”不经常使用,大多数情况可以用常用量词替换。更多还原

【Abstract】 “kuti”is a basic character that frenquently used in both China and Japan. It is a frenquent phenomenon in the two countries to study and compare phrazes that have connection with the body language, especilly the phrazes involving“kuti”. But there is few study on the meanings variation of the character“kuti”. This thesis is intend to make a comparative study on it in the two countries, from the different meannings in Chinese Dictionary and Japanese Dictionary, it campares the specific meanings of“kuti”. The result shows the Japanese is greatly influenced by the Chinese, especially the character“kuti”, which has 16 same meanings with different Chinese characters. While part of the Chinese meanings did not pass to Japan due to the influence of the social and the political conditions. In the meanwhile, from the“kuti”of Chineses meanings, Japanese characters“kuti”extended many other meanings in the development of history. The extended meanings of the character“kuti”show us the phenomenan that different meanings of the same character in the two countries. This thesis also compares the“kuti”used as quantifier and analyzes its uses and disctiction between the two countries.“kuti”used as quantifier is from the uses as noun, therefore its uses also passed into Japan. Although the same meaning as quantifier, different modifiers between the uses of the two countries. The different pecentage of the“kuti”used as quantifier marked the different recognition of objects of the two countries. It is people’s recongnition that influenced the development of the language. Already become a basic quantifier,“kuti”used as quantifier usually can not be changed as normal quantifier in the Chinese uses. While in Japanese uses, usually it can be changed as normal quantifier, for it is seldom used as quantifier in Japanese.更多还原