【作者】 林尉涛；

【导师】 杨杰；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 辛西娅·沃尔特是美国青少年文学作家,她的作品主题种类很多包括冒险,神秘,种族主义,虐待孩子等。她的最受欢迎的作品是系列小说《悌勒曼一家》。她的悌勒曼系列小说中的第一部作品《回家》获“社会调查研究领域著名儿童畅销小说”称号并在1996年被改编成电影。此系列小说的第二部作品《黛西之歌》在1983年获纽伯瑞奖并被评选为美国图书奖。第三部小说《一个孤独的蓝》荣获埃德加·爱伦坡奖。第四部作品《奔跑者》于1988年获银铅笔奖。《凯瑟琳的画像》荣获美国埃德加·爱伦坡奖。1989年,沃尔特被美国国家英语教师委员会授予“青少年文学协会奖”。小说《回家》中,悌勒曼一家的四个孩子为寻找她们真正意义上的家而不断地奔波.他们本以为妈妈会在塞利那里等他们,等他们到达塞利那里却发现妈妈并不在那里并且塞利已经死了。在尤尼斯阿姨那里孩子们可以吃的饱穿的暖也可以去上学,但是他们却偷偷的逃跑了去寻找他们从来没有见过面根本没有经济收入并且也只是从尤尼斯那里听说的外祖母,在外祖母那里他们很可能会挨饿,受冻,并且最重要的是他们不能确定外祖母一定会收留他们。但为什么他们还是做了这个选择,并且事实证明他们的这个选择是对的。这个问题的答案可以用心理学家马斯洛的人类需求层次理论来回答.马斯洛的人类需求层次理论包括五个层次,这五个层次的需求可以用金字塔的图形来表示。此理论中位于最底层的需求是生理上的需求,依次是安全的需求;归属和爱的需求;尊重的需求;自我实现的需求.马斯洛的这个理论也随之解释了为什么孩子们一直不停的奔波寻找他们真正意义上的的家园.本论文主要分三个部分:引言;正文;结论第一部分为引言。引言又包括三部分的内容。第一部分主要是沃尔特的生平的介绍和小说《回家》的主要故事梗概;第二部分是《回家》的国内外对研究现状;第三部分介绍了马斯洛的需求层次理论以及其在现在社会的应用。第二部分为正文部分。正文部分主要分五个章节。这五个部分与马斯洛的需求层次理论是相对应的。每一章节分别论述了此理论在小说中的体现。第一章论述了维持生命的基本需求主要包括金钱,食物和住所。第二章论述了安全的需求尤其是需要成人看护者的保护。第三章主要针对归属和爱的需求。第四章论述尊重的需求主要包括来自同龄人的尊重和来自成人的尊重。最后一章讨论了自我实现的需求,本文主要针对责任感和追求自由进行论述。在本文中,生理的需求主要指物质方面的,其余的四个层次的需求属于精神层面的。四个孩子的四个层次的需求是穿插在他们的旅程中的,这四个需求之间没有明显的先后顺序。第三部分为结论部分,即马斯洛的层次需求理论是《回家》四个孩子不断追寻真正意义的家园的动因之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cynthia Voigt was an American writer of Young Adult Literature, and the themes of her works were various including adventure, mystery, racialism and the abuse of children, etc. Her best known works were the Tillerman series. The first book of the Tillerman series was Homecoming, which was a 1981 Notable Children’s Trade Book in the Field of Social Studies and an American Book Award nominee, and which was also filmed into a movie in 1996. The second book of this series was Dicey’s Song which won the 1983 Newbery Award and the National Book Award. The third one was A Solitary Blue which became a 1984 Newbery Honor Book. The fourth book was The Runner, which won the 1988 (Dutch) Silver Pencil Award. The Callender Papers earned the Mystery Writers of American Edgar Award. In 1989, Voigt won the Juvenile Literature Award.In Homecoming, the four children tried their best to go through all kinds of hardships in order to seek their true home. They had thought that Momma was waiting for them at Aunt Cilla’s house, but when they arrived there they found that Momma was not there. Also, Aunt Cilla had died and her daughter Cousin Eunice became the owner of her house. Living with Cousin Eunice, the four children could have enough food and have a place to sleep in and they could go to school, but they left Cousin Eunice without her permission for their Gram whom they had never seen before. However, their Gram had no incomes and what was more important was that they could not be sure that this Gram would be willing to adopt them. At Gram’s, they might be threatened with coldness and starvation but they made the decision, which turned out that they were right. Why? This question can be answered by using American famous psychologist Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs has five levels and can be represented by a pyramid. At the bottom of the pyramid is the psychological need which is the largest and most basic. The second level is safety need; the third level is love and belongings; the fourth level is esteem and the top level is self—actualization.This paper includes three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.The first part is introduction. The introduction is divided into three sections: the first section is the introduction of Cynthia Voigt’s life and experience and also a summary of Homecoming; the second section is the review of Homecoming in domestic and abroad; the third section is the introduction of Maslow and his Theory of Hierarchy of Needs.The second part is the main body of the paper. It includes five chapters. These five chapters are correlated with Maslow’s five levels of human needs. Chapter One is life sustaining necessities including money, food and shelter. Chapter Two is the need for safety especially the need for the protection of adult care takers. Chapter Three is the need for love and belongings. Chapter Four is the need for respect including respect from peers and respect from adults. Chapter Five is self—actualization including taking responsibility and pursuing of freedom. The children’s these five needs are interspersed during their journey without a clear order of which is first and which is last.The third part is conclusion. The conclusion is Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs is one of the reasons why the four children tried desperately to seek their true home.更多还原